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Table 2 Plasma amino acid concentrations in WT and db mice

From: Voluntary exercise under a food restriction condition decreases blood branched-chain amino acid levels, in addition to improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism, in db mice, animal model of type 2 diabetes

Fed condition Physical condition

Group

ad-WT

PEx-WT

ad-db

PSe-db

PEx-db

ad libitum

sedentary

(N = 4)

Pair-fed

exercising

(N = 6)

ad libitum

sedentary

(N = 4)

Pair-fed

sedentary

(N = 6)

Pair-fed

exercising

(N = 6)

Alanine

200.0 ± 31.1

256.9 ± 14.7

299.1 ± 65.6

293.3 ± 6.0a

246.6 ± 20.7

Arginine

57.1 ± 5.2c

86.6 ± 10.0

79.3 ± 5.4

75.8 ± 4.4a

58.6 ± 5.1a,b,c

Asparagine

25.9 ± 1.8

31.6 ± 3.0

21.8 ± 2.9

23.0 ± 0.6

18.3 ± 2.5a

Aspartic acid

14.0 ± 4.2

13.2 ± 1.8

13.2 ± 2.2

20.4 ± 2.2

14.8 ± 2.5

Citrulline

51.7 ± 2.9c

66.4 ± 4.7b

93.7 ± 13.1

74.3 ± 5.7a

62.4 ± 6.6c

Cystine

51.8 ± 3.8

57.9 ± 2.5

50.7 ± 4.1

38.7 ± 1.6a,c

38.4 ± 2.7a,c

Glutamic acid

19.0 ± 1.5

15.9 ± 2.3

15.9 ± 1.3

19.9 ± 3.2

12.7 ± 2.3

Glutamine

547.8 ± 28.5c

619.5 ± 38.7

723.8 ± 51.5

624.4 ± 40.1

637.2 ± 38.4

Glycine

244.3 ± 1.3c

272.6 ± 18.6c

172.7 ± 12.4

193.0 ± 5.7a

191.4 ± 17.2a

Histidine

45.4 ± 1.4c

58.5 ± 4.3b,c

76.5 ± 1.7

40.5 ± 3.0c

39.7 ± 5.0a,c

Isoleucine

74.2 ± 1.2c

105.3 ± 15.2c

219.4 ± 44.8

115.5 ± 10.2a,c

77.7 ± 6.2b,c

Leucine

109.8 ± 5.3c

163.9 ± 24.3c

349.3 ± 76.0

184.5 ± 17.3a,c

118.5 ± 9.4b,c

Lysine

177.5 ± 11.9

229.7 ± 19.0

217.0 ± 22.0

176.8 ± 14.4

152.0 ± 18.7a

Methionine

51.3 ± 4.8

76.8 ± 6.8b,c

39.9 ± 5.4

45.0 ± 2.3

39.4 ± 4.5a

Ornithine

49.1 ± 5.7

80.0 ± 15.0

45.3 ± 9.7

44.2 ± 4.6

28.1 ± 3.7a,b

Phenylalanine

56.2 ± 4.3c

80.8 ± 8.3

103.8 ± 14.6

70.3 ± 5.2c

54.2 ± 5.9a,c

Proline

73.0 ± 8.6

105.3 ± 12.1

82.5 ± 19.2

90.6 ± 5.6

67.3 ± 7.5a,b

Serine

96.3 ± 2.6

134.4 ± 9.6b,c

90.5 ± 4.8

81.0 ± 3.2a

76.6 ± 7.7a

Threonine

126.8 ± 10.9

192.5 ± 17.1b,c

121.2 ± 13.0

141.2 ± 7.8

109.6 ± 14.2a

Tryptophan

49.8 ± 3.7c

66.3 ± 9.2c

95.6 ± 4.8

59.7 ± 5.8c

44.9 ± 3.9c

Tyrosine

61.9 ± 7.8

65.0 ± 11.1

86.0 ± 22.9

48.9 ± 3.9

36.1 ± 3.4a,b,c

Valine

213.6 ± 5.0c

313.5 ± 34.9

508.1 ± 92.7

396.5 ± 27.8a

263.1 ± 24.6b,c

BCAA

397.6 ± 10.6c

582.7 ± 74.3c

1076.8 ± 212.4

696.4 ± 55.0a

459.3 ± 39.4b,c

  1. Values are the mean ± SE
  2. Values were analyzed by Student’s t test
  3. ad ad libitum fed and sedentary, PSe pair-fed and sedentary. PEx pair-fed and exercising, Pair-fed condition food amount consumed by ad-WT mice was supplied, BCAA branched-chain amino acids
  4. a P < 0.05 vs. WT mice in each physical condition
  5. b P < 0.05 vs. ad-WT or PSe-db mice
  6. c P < 0.05 vs. ad-db mice