Table 1 Medical background of responders
Clinical characteristics | Preterm/LBW delivery (n = 31) | Term AFD delivery (n = 287) | p value | Term AFD delivery | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primipara (n = 141) | Multipara (n = 146) | |||||
Maternal age (years) | 31.8 ± 5.1 32.0 [19–38] | 31.0 ± 4.7 31.0 [17–43] | 0.367 | 29.7 ± 4.8 29.0 [17–43] | 32.2 ± 4.3 33.0 [21–42] | <0.001 |
Number of previous deliveries | 1.7 ± 7.6 2.0 [1–4] | 1.6 ± 7.4 2.0 [1–5] | 0.993 | 1.0 ± 0.0 1.0 [1–1] | 2.3 ± 0.5 2.0 [2–5] | <0.001 |
Prenatal hospitalization | 12 (38.7 %) | 42 (14.7 %) | 0.002 | 17 (12.1 %) | 25 (17.2 %) | 0.245 |
Cesarean section | 14 (45.2 %) | 39 (13.6 %) | <0.001 | 21 (14.9 %) | 18 (12.3 %) | 0.606 |
Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 37.1 ± 2.0 37.0 [34–41] | 39.3 ± 1.2 39.0 [37–42] | <0.001 | 39.5 ± 1.1 40.0 [37–42] | 39.0 ± 1.2 39.0 [37–41] | 0.001 |
Sex of infant | ||||||
Male | 15 (48.4 %) | 153 (53.7 %) | 0.577 | 70 (49.6 %) | 83 (57.6 %) | 0.192 |
Female | 16 (51.6 %) | 132 (46.3 %) | 71 (50.4 %) | 61 (42.4 %) | ||
Infant weight (g) | ||||||
At birth | 2,323.1 ± 270.8 | 3,086.3 ± 314.6 | <0.001 | 3,079.2 ± 319.0 | 3,093.3 ± 311.6 | 0.705 |
1-month checkup | 3,559.6 ± 415.0 | 4,203.4 ± 481.4 | <0.001 | 4,184.9 ± 439.5 | 4,221.1 ± 519.6 | 0.540 |
4-month checkup | 6,288.5 ± 709.3 | 6,962.2 ± 767.6 | <0.001 | 6,960.8 ± 808.3 | 6,963.5 ± 730.5 | 0.716 |
Feeding method | ||||||
Breast milk | 18 (58.1 %) | 183 (64.4 %) | 0.669 | 86 (61.4 %) | 97 (67.4 %) | 0.546 |
Formula | 6 (19.4 %) | 40 (13.8 %) | 20 (14.3 %) | 19 (13.2 %) | ||
Combined | 7 (22.6 %) | 62 (21.4 %) | 34 (24.3 %) | 28 (19.4 %) | ||
Feeds well | 21 (70.0 %) | 261 (90.9 %) | 0.002 | 126 (89.4 %) | 135 (92.5 %) | 0.239 |