Table 2 Odds ratio (OR) of biomass users for respiratory symptoms, respiratory diseases and severe bronchial obstruction based on PEFR
Symptoms/disease | Biomass users (n = 224) | Gas usersa (n = 196) | Crude OR | Adjusted ORb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | OR (95Â % CI) | p value | OR (95Â % CI) | p value | |
Respiratory involvement with at least one symptom/disease | 67 (29.9) | 22 (11.2) | 3.38 (1.99–5.72) | <0.001 | 3.23 (1.30–8.01) | 0.011 |
Morning cough | 52 (23.2) | 15 (7.7) | 3.65 (1.98–6.72) | <0.001 | 3.04 (1.11–8.35) | 0.031 |
Chest tightness | 34 (15.2) | 8 (4.1) | 4.21 (1.90–9.32) | <0.001 | 3.47 (1.00–12.07) | 0.051 |
Wheezing with dyspnea | 33 (14.7) | 9 (4.6) | 3.59 (1.67–7.71) | 0.001 | 2.11 (0.60–7.51) | 0.248 |
Wheezing | 32 (14.3) | 11 (5.6) | 2.80 (1.37–5.73) | 0.005 | 2.58 (0.79–8.44) | 0.117 |
Nasal allergy | 27 (12.1) | 6 (3.1) | 4.34 (1.75–10.75) | 0.002 | 7.41 (2.03–27.08) | 0.002 |
Wheezing in the past | 22 (9.8) | 11 (5.6) | 1.83 (0.87–3.88) | 0.114 | 1.00 (0.23–4.07) | 0.998 |
Wheeze without cold | 13 (5.8) | 8 (4.1) | 1.45 (0.59–3.57) | 0.421 | 2.89 (0.67–12.54) | 0.156 |
Woken by coughing attacks | 20 (8.9) | 6 (3.1) | 3.11 (1.22–7.90) | 0.017 | 1.87 (0.39–9.02) | 0.433 |
Woken by chest tightness | 10 (4.5) | 5 (2.6) | 1.79 (0.60–5.32) | 0.298 | 2.70 (0.47–15.71) | 0.268 |
Chronic bronchitis diagnosed by physician | 15 (6.7) | 3 (1.5) | 4.62 (1.32–16.20) | 0.017 | 5.94 (1.02–34.45) | 0.047 |
Asthma diagnosed by physician | 13 (5.8) | 3 (1.5) | 3.96 (1.11–14.12) | 0.034 | 3.42 (0.50–23.59) | 0.212 |
Severe bronchial obstruction based on PEFRc (<60 % predicted value) | 124 (55.4) | 57 (29.1) | 3.02 (2.02–4.54) | <0.001 | 4.54 (2.10–9.82) | <0.001 |