Association of smoking with intraocular pressure in middle-aged and older Japanese residents

Table 3 Adjusted mean levels of IOP and multivariate ORs with 95 % CIs for IOP by number of cigarettes consumed per day

Number of cigarettes per day	Number (%) of subjects	Mean (± SE) IOP^† (mmHg)	Multivariate ORs^† for IOP
Number of cigarettes per day	Number (%) of subjects	Mean (± SE) IOP^† (mmHg)	ORs	95 % CIs
Men
0	484 (58.4)	13.8 ± 0.1	1.00	(Reference)
1–20	213 (25.7)	14.1 ± 0.2	1.05	0.89–1.40
≥21	132 (15.9)	14.4 ± 0.3	1.09	0.91–1.71
P value for trend		0.01	0.06
Women
0	244 (85.9)	13.6 ± 0.2	1.00	(Reference)
1–20	31 (10.9)	14.0 ± 0.5	1.03	0.46–5.63
≥21	9 (3.2)	13.7 ± 1.1	0.99	0.38–9.04
P value for trend		0.39	0.52

IOP intraocular pressure, ORs odds ratios, CIs confidence intervals
^†Mean IOP levels and multivariate ORs were adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure, body mass index alcohol consumption (never or seldom = 0; several times per month = 1; several times per week = 2 everyday = 3), and regular exercise (no = 0; yes = 1)

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