Table 2 Self-produced question items regarding utilization of nutritional teaching skills and frequencies of their utilization in 4 settings
Low use, n (%) | Middle use, n (%) | High use, n (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
First guidance setting | |||
1. I enter the nutrition guidance room before the patient does | 24 (32.0)+ | 7 (9.3)− | 44 (58.7)+ |
2. I am the first to introduce myself | 4 (5.3)− | 3 (4.0)− | 68 (90.7)+ |
3. I begin the conversation with things unrelated to nutritional guidance, diet, or the patient’s disease | 51 (68.0)+ | 10 (13.3)− | 14 (18.7) |
4. I call the patient by his/her own name or in a familiar way during the conversation | 26 (34.7)+ | 8 (10.7)− | 41 (54.7)+ |
►5. I listen to the patient so carefully that I can gauge the sentiment behind his/her words | 8 (10.7) | 13 (17.3)− | 54 (72.0)+ |
►6. I repeat the exact words the patient said | 18 (24.0) | 25 (33.3)− | 32 (42.7)+ |
►7. I summarize what the patient said in a way such as saying “You mean that…” afterwards | 24 (32.0)+ | 24 (32.0)− | 27 (36.0)+ |
►8. I plainly and briefly convey the sympathy I feel to the patient | 18 (24.0) | 20 (26.7)− | 37 (49.3)+ |
9. I wait for an answer even when the patient stops making a reply and enters silence | 40 (53.3)+ | 17 (22.7)− | 18 (24.0) |
►10. I nod to show I am listening to the patient | 0 (0.0)− | 6 (8.0)− | 69 (92.0)+ |
►11. I do not interrupt the patient while he/she is speaking to raise an objection or to criticize him/her | 10 (13.3) | 11 (14.7)− | 54 (72.0)+ |
►12. I do not ask yes–no questions but ones to which the respondent can make a free reply | 12 (16.0) | 16 (21.3)− | 47 (62.7)+ |
First assessment setting | |||
►1. Comprehension | 15 (20.0) | 17 (22.7)− | 43 (57.3)+ |
►2. The degree of interest in health action and the motivational level for lifestyle improvement | 12 (16.0) | 13 (17.3)− | 50 (66.7)+ |
►3. Awareness of the disease | 18 (24.0) | 15 (20.0)− | 42 (56.0)+ |
►4. Confidence in dietary therapy | 22 (29.3)+ | 20 (26.7)− | 33 (44.0)+ |
Contemplation stage setting | |||
1. I elicit things that are not going well or that the patient does despite himself/herself | 14 (18.7) | 18 (24.0)− | 43 (57.3)+ |
►2. I ask about things that are going well, what the patient has in their mind, and successful experiences in the past | 12 (16.0) | 26 (34.7)− | 37 (49.3)+ |
►3. With the emphasis on things that the patient will be able to do, I ask questions such as “How can you succeed?” instead of “Why can’t you do it?” | 18 (24.0) | 17 (22.7)− | 40 (53.3)+ |
►4. I ask positive questions such as “What do you want to be in the future?” | 24 (32.0)+ | 24 (32.0)− | 27 (36.0)+ |
►5. I introduce other people’s success stories on purpose | 35 (46.7)+ | 16 (21.3)− | 24 (32.0)+ |
►6. I make the patient think about the advantages and disadvantages of improving lifestyle | 29 (38.7)+ | 25 (33.3)− | 21 (28.0)+ |
Preparation stage setting | |||
1. I elicit things that are not going well or that the patient does despite himself/herself | 13 (17.3) | 18 (24.0)− | 44 (58.7)+ |
2. I ask about things that are going well, what the patient has in their mind, and successful experiences in the past | 13 (17.3) | 19 (25.3)− | 43 (57.3)+ |
►3. I make the patient set his/her specific goal, e.g., what or how many goals the patient would like to achieve | 20 (26.7)+ | 20 (26.7)− | 35 (46.7)+ |
►4. I make the patient plan the strategies as to what he/she will be able to do to attain the goal | 27 (36.0)+ | 18 (24.0)− | 30 (40.0)+ |
►5. I make the patient plan a plural rather than single strategy | 40 (53.3)+ | 19 (25.3)− | 16 (21.3) |
►6. I ask the patient what I will be able to help him/her with | 51 (68.0)+ | 12 (16.0)− | 12 (16.0) |
►7. I show the patient what I will be able to help him/her with | 38 (50.7)+ | 12 (16.0)− | 25 (33.3)+ |
►8. I make a suggestion only after confirming whether the patient accepts me | 38 (50.7)+ | 16 (21.3)− | 21 (28.0)+ |
►9. I get permission to make a suggestion | 56 (74.7)+ | 8 (10.7)− | 11 (14.7) |
10. Making a suggestion, I always comment in an unforceful manner, such as “How about… ?” | 13 (17.3) | 11 (14.7)− | 51 (68.0)+ |
►11. I make a specific suggestion revealing how and what to improve in order to attain the goal | 18 (24.0) | 20 (26.7)− | 37 (49.3)+ |
►12. I make the patient decide exactly when he/she will start what I suggested | 32 (42.7)+ | 17 (22.7)− | 26 (34.7)+ |
►13. For the patient to achieve the end goal, I bring up a subject that makes him/her notice the advantage of their efforts to take actions | 23 (30.7)+ | 23 (30.7)− | 29 (38.7)+ |
►14. I praise the patient for his/her efforts to attain the goal, as well as for the improvement of examination results | 6 (8.0) | 11 (14.7)− | 58 (77.3)+ |