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Table 3 Gender differences in the effect of PCB/dioxins exposure on birth weight in a multiple linear regression model

From: Ten years of progress in the Hokkaido birth cohort study on environment and children’s health: cohort profile—updated 2013

log10 scale

Male

Female

β a

p value

β a

p value

Total (pg/g lipid)

 Total PCDDs

−125.7

0.371

−19.3

0.890

 Total PCDFs

−237.6

0.191

−304.9

0.058

 Total PCDDs/PCDFs

−136.6

0.340

−28.7

0.839

 Total non-ortho PCBs

−90.7

0.491

−122.4

0.286

 Total mono-ortho PCBs

−138.6

0.244

−104.3

0.315

 Total DL-PCBs

−138.7

0.245

−105.3

0.311

 Total dioxin

−148.5

0.229

−106.8

0.319

TEQ (WHO 2005) (TEQ pg/g lipid)

 Total PCDDs TEQ

331.4

0.019*

−126.3

0.336

 Total PCDFs TEQ

−269.8

0.070

−241.7

0.058

 Total PCDDs/PCDFs TEQ

338.7

0.022*

−173.9

0.195

 Total non-ortho PCBs TEQ

−107.3

0.288

−114.8

0.196

 Total mono-ortho PCBs TEQ

−138.6

0.244

−104.3

0.315

 Total DL-PCBs TEQ

−112.1

0.278

−117.5

0.195

 Total dioxin TEQ

289.5

0.037*

−144.2

0.243

  1. This table was reconstructed by using data from a previously published study by Konishi et al. [59]. Among male infants, a significant negative association between birth weight and total PCDDs TEQ levels, total PCDDs/PCDFs TEQ levels and total TEQ levels was found. However, among the female infants, these significant associations were not found
  2. p < 0.05
  3. The Toxicity Equivalency Quantity (TEQ) levels were calculated by multiplying the levels of individual congeners by its toxic equivalency factor (TEF) values of WHO 2005 [38]
  4. aBeta coefficients represent the change in birth weight (g) for a 10-fold increase in the levels of PCDDs/PCDFs and DL-PCBs