Association between maternal antenatal depression and infant development: a hospital-based prospective cohort study

Table 7 Gestational age and IUGR in relation to maternal antenatal depression (EPDS) and confounding variables^a

	Gestational age^b			IUGR^c
	β	95 % CI	p	OR	95 % CI	p
Crude	Adjusted R ² = 0.03, F = 5.07, p = 0.026			Nagelkerke R ² = 0.003, χ ² = 0.16, p = 0.686
Antenatal EPDS	−0.18	[−0.92, −0.06]	0.026	0.96	[0.78, 1.18]	0.697
Adjusted^d	Adjusted R ² = 0.12, F = 2.19, p = 0.006			Nagelkerke R ² = 0.27, χ ² = 18.24, p = 0.571
Antenatal EPDS	−0.25	[−1.20, −0.17]	0.010	0.81	[0.59, 1.11]	0.199
Confounding variables
Stressful life events before pregnancy	−0.18	[−5.91, −0.30]	0.030	2.75	[0.61, 12.322]	0.186
Planned pregnancy	0.20	[0.26, 6.43]	0.034	0.80	[0.15, 4.38]	0.795
Infant sex; female	0.17	[0.02, 5.57]	0.048	0.43	[0.08, 2.38]	0.333
First born	−0.23	[−6.84, −1.11]	0.007	1.14	[0.23, 5.77]	0.875

^aFactors shown in this table were found to be statistically significant in relation to gestational age or IUGR
^bMultiple linear regression analyses
^cLogistic regression analyses; n = 154
^dAdjusted for maternal factors (age, education level, household income, worked during pregnancy, smoked during pregnancy, caffeine intake during pregnancy, alcohol intake during pregnancy, stressful life events before pregnancy, past depressive symptoms, worrying, obsessiveness, planned pregnancy, wanted pregnancy), paternal factors (age and education level) and infant factors (sex and parity)

ISSN: 1347-4715