Table 1 Model parameters
From: An emission model tracking the life cycle pathways of human pharmaceuticals in Korea
Name | Description | Value or equation |
|---|---|---|
AR.inpt | Administration rate of inpatient (%) | 100a |
AR.outpt | Administration rate of outpatient (%) | 39.1–100.0b |
BR.stp | Biodegradation rate in sewage treatment plant (%) | Pharmaceutical specific value |
DISR.hospital | Disuse inventory ratio in hospitals (%) | 0.0–10.0c |
DISR.pharmacy | Disuse inventory ratio in pharmacies (%) | 0.0–10.0c |
DISR.ts | Disuse inventory ratio in total supplies (%) | 0.0–10.0c |
DISR.wholesaler | Disuse inventory ratio in wholesalers (%) | 0.0–10.0c |
ER | Excretion rate (%) | Pharmaceutical specific value |
INCN.in | Inflow of pharmaceuticals to incineration plant (kg/year) | DIS.ts + DIS.w + DIS.h + DIS.p + TB |
LEACH.in | Inflow of pharmaceuticals to leachate treatment plant (kg/year) | W.wb + RE.incn·LFR.incn/100 |
LFR.incn | Landfill rate out of incineration residue (%) | 0.0d |
LR.sept_niso | Linked treatment rate of septic tank to nighsoil treatment plant (%) | 73.6e |
NISO.in | Inflow of pharmaceuticals to nightsoil treatment plant (kg/year) | SEPT.in·LR.sept_niso/100 |
NS | Net supply (kg/year) | TS-DIS.ts |
RR.incn | Removal rate in incineration plant (%) | 100f |
SEPT.in | Inflow of pharmaceuticals to septic tank (kg/year) | TA.excretion + W.toilet |
SL.tot | Total residue in sludge from water treatment plants (kg/year) | SL.stp + SL.leach + SL.niso |
SLR.stp | Removal rate by sludge separation in sewage treatment plant (%) | Pharmaceutical specific value |
SR.hospital | Supply rate to hospital (%) | 25.5g |
SR.pharmacy | Supply rate to pharmacy (%) | 18.1g |
STP.in | Inflow of pharmaceuticals to sewage treatment plant (kg/year) | W.sink + L.setp_stp + L.niso_stp + L.incn_stp |
TA.imp | Total amount of import (kg/year) | Pharmaceutical specific value |
TA.prod | Total amount of production (kg/year) | Pharmaceutical specific value |
TB | Returned amount in Take-back program (kg/year) | TA.waste·TBR/100 |
TBR | Return rate to Take-back program (%) | 0–100 |
TE.water | Total emission to surface water (kg/year) | E.stp + E.leach |
TS | Total supply to region (kg/year) | TA.prod + TA.imp |
WR.sink | Waste rate into sink (%) | (100 − TBR)·0.07h |
WR.toilet | Waste rate into toilet (%) | (100 − TBR)·0.07h |
WR.wb | Waste rate into waste bin (%) | (100 − TBR)·0.86h |