Table 4 Results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses on the association of basic characteristics with the development of moderate or severe chronic kidney disease

Female:male

0.37

0.21–0.65

0.56

0.25–1.23

Age^b: 35–44 years (Reference)

 45–54

2.13

1.01–4.52

1.97

0.88–4.42

 55–64

3.66

1.76–7.62

2.44

1.07–5.57

Body mass index 18.5–24.9 kg/m² (Reference)

 ≤8.4

0.73

0.23–2.34

1.21

0.35–4.13

 25.0–29.9

1.68

1.00–2.83

0.97

0.54–1.73

 ≥30.0

2.96

1.16–7.54

0.77

0.24–2.49

Health conditions (none: Reference)^c

 Hypertension (+)

4.30

2.72–6.82

3.01

1.78–5.11

 DM (+)

7.08

4.06–12.3

3.69

1.94–7.03

 hChol (+)

1.43

0.88–2.33

0.95

0.56–1.63

 hTG (+)

1.72

0.99–3.01

1.03

0.55–1.95

 lHDLc (+)

1.17

0.47–2.91

0.63

0.23–1.75

Smoking: none (Reference)

 Ex-smoker

2.73

1.41–5.29

1.67

0.72–3.86

 Up to 1 pack/day

2.36

1.30–4.29

2.58

1.21–5.49

 Smoke more

3.45

1.73–6.86

2.98

1.22–7.27

Alcohol: none (Reference)

 Up to 29 mL/day

0.99

0.56–1.74

0.55

0.29–1.03

 30–59 mL/day

1.47

0.78–2.78

0.62

0.30–1.30

 60 mL/day or more

1.44

0.68–3.05

0.40

0.16–0.96

Occupation^d: clerk (Reference)

 Manager/professional

1.53

0.80–2.94

1.25

0.62–2.52

 Sales/service

1.60

0.81–3.18

1.57

0.76–3.25

 Operator/driver

1.30

0.65–2.60

0.93

0.44–1.96

 Miscellaneous

3.64

1.20–11.0

5.89

1.84–18.7

 Reduced eGFR^d (+)

7.73

4.25–14.1

9.39

4.80–18.4

 Proteinuria (1+)

33.0

17.2–63.3

38.8

18.1–83.2