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Table 3 Results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses on the association of basic subject characteristics with the development of proteinuria

From: Distribution of and factors contributing to chronic kidney disease in a middle-aged working population

Characteristics

Univariate

Multivariatea

OR

95 % CI

p

OR

95 % CI

p

Female:male

0.47

0.29–0.74

0.001

0.95

0.48–1.87

0.875

Ageb: 35–44 years (Reference)

 45–54

0.99

0.59–1.65

0.960

0.90

0.52–1.56

0.709

 55–64

1.43

0.86–2.38

0.174

1.10

0.62–1.95

0.751

Body mass index: 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 (Reference)

 ≤18.4

1.13

0.45–2.85

0.800

1.55

0.60–4.00

0.366

 25.0–29.9

2.30

1.45–3.64

<0.001

1.51

0.92–2.47

0.103

 ≥30.0

9.89

5.49–17.8

<0.001

4.52

2.31–8.84

<0.001

Health conditions (none: Reference)c

 Hypertension (+)

3.57

2.39–5.34

<0.001

2.49

1.59–3.91

<0.001

 DM (+)

6.70

4.07–11.0

<0.001

3.51

2.02–6.08

<0.001

 hChol (+)

1.74

1.16–2.63

0.008

1.23

0.78–1.92

0.372

 hTG (+)

2.39

1.52–3.74

<0.001

1.25

0.75–2.08

0.391

 iHDLc (+)

2.49

1.38–4.51

0.003

1.30

0.67–2.51

0.439

Smoking: none (Reference)

 Ex-smoker

1.85

0.96–3.55

0.066

1.77

0.80–3.94

0.160

 Up to 1 pack/day

2.40

1.43–4.04

0.001

2.61

1.36–5.02

0.004

 Smoke more

5.11

2.96–8.82

<0.001

4.52

2.17–9.41

<0.001

Alcohol: none (Reference)

 ≤29 mL/day

0.80

0.49–1.32

0.384

0.59

0.34–0.99

0.048

 30–59 mL/day

1.05

0.59–1.89

0.864

0.62

0.32–1.19

0.153

 ≥60 mL/day

1.52

0.83–2.78

0.178

0.67

0.34–1.35

0.263

Occupationc: clerk (Reference)

 Manager/Professional

1.58

0.89–2.84

0.122

1.49

0.82–2.71

0.195

 Sales/service

1.89

1.05–3.42

0.035

1.57

0.85–2.91

0.152

 Operator/driver

1.48

0.81–2.71

0.200

1.21

0.65–2.28

0.547

 Miscellaneous

2.85

0.96–8.45

0.059

3.40

1.11–10.4

0.032

 Reduced eGFRd (+)

0.79

0.51–1.21

0.276

0.93

0.58–1.48

0.757

  1. OR odds ratio, 95 % CI 95 % confidence interval
  2. aAll the characteristics were included in the analysis as independent variables
  3. bAge in 2009
  4. cFor the definitions of the health conditions, refer to section Data collection
  5. deGFR of 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m2