Levels of urinary isoflavones and lignan polyphenols in Japanese women

Table 3 Geometric means, medians, and 95th percentiles of urinary phytoestrogen concentrations in our study cohort of Japanese women

Sample sites	Isoflavones (soybean)^a		Lignan polyphenols (sesame seeds)^a
Sample sites	Equol (μg/g-Cr)	Daidzein (μg/g-Cr)	Enterolactone (μg/g-Cr)	Enterodiol (μg/g-Cr)
Total	78.4 (6.4)	1,610 (4.6)	36.7 (6.0)	23.8 (7.1)
	–	1,946	42.3	28.8
	1,385	6,761	279	228
Hokkaido	56.8 (6.4)	1,509 (5.2)^a,b	34.7 (6.2)	19.2 (7.1)
	–	1,758	45.9	27.4
	1,325	7,120	248	166
Miyagi	110.6 (6.8)	1,454 (4.7)^a	28.7 (6.0)	20.6 (7.0)
	–	1,785	35.4	24.3
	1,827	7,120	229	179
Kyoto	75.2 (6.8)	1,334 (4.7)^a	48.6 (6.1)	36.8 (7.2)
	–	1,541	50.1	61.3
	1,285	6,380	350	310
Kochi	66.5 (6.1)	1,419 (5.5)^a	41.6 (6.0)	25.0 (7.2)
	–	1,634	50.1	30.3
	1,382	9,063	295	240
Okinawa	93.2 (5.9)	2,616 (2.6)^b	32.7 (5.8)	20.3 (6.8)
	–	2,762	38.3	24.2
	812	5,025	203	200

GM Geometric mean, GSD geometric standard deviation
Comparisons were made among the residential areas. The geometric means within the same column followed by the same lower-case letter are significantly different (p < 0.05). The geometric means within the same column followed by the same lower-case letter of not followed by a lower-case letter do not differ significantly (p > 0.05)
^aUrinary phytoestrogen concentrations for the total study cohort and for each study region are given as: GM (GSD) (top row), median (middle row), and 95th percentile (bottom row)

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