Skip to main content

Table 3 Association between non-habitual exercise and neighborhood environment according to employment status and age groups

From: Features of perceived neighborhood environment associated with daily walking time or habitual exercise: differences across gender, age, and employment status in a community–dwelling population of Japan

 

Male

Female

Employed

Unemployed

Employed

Unemployed

20–39 years

40–59 years

60–79 years

60–79 years

20–39 years

40–59 years

60–79 years

60–79 years

Density of dwelling (Cronbach’s α = 0.73)

 High (≥180)

1.15 (0.52, 2.58)

0.76 (0.44, 1.31)

0.51 (0.23, 1.13)

1.17 (0.57, 2.41)

0.91 (0.33, 2.56)

0.78 (0.44, 1.40)

1.61 (0.45, 5.75)

0.41 (0.23, 0.72)*

 Low (<180)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Proximity to service facilities (Cronbach’s α = 0.94)

 

 High (≥2.52)

0.97 (0.44, 2.16)

0.72 (0.41, 1.27)

0.41 (0.18, 0.93)*

1.14 (0.48, 2.71)

1.26 (0.42, 3.77)

0.64 (0.35, 1.18)

0.75 (0.28, 2.03)

0.47 (0.25, 0.90)*

 Low (<2.52)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Number of service facilities within 10 min (Cronbach’s α = 0.64)

 

 High (≥6)

0.78 (0.36, 1.69)

0.89 (0.53, 1.50)

0.64 (0.36, 1.17)

0.80 (0.44, 1.47)

1.27 (0.46, 3.46)

0.57 (0.33, 0.99)*

0.45 (0.18, 1.13)

0.63 (0.39, 1.00)

 Low (<6)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Street connectivity (Cronbach’s α = 0.53)

 High (≥2.67)

1.30 (0.58, 2.89)

1.00 (0.59, 1.70)

0.59 (0.30, 1.19)

0.67 (0.35, 1.28)

0.50 (0.18, 1.36)

0.74 (0.42, 1.31)

1.95 (0.67, 5.66)

0.88 (0.53, 1.46)

 Low (<2.67)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Places for walking (Cronbach’s α = 0.78)

 

 High (≥1.75)

0.88 (0.41, 1.90)

1.19 (0.72, 1.96)

1.08 (0.58, 2.01)

1.15 (0.61, 2.17)

0.94 (0.36, 2.45)

0.30 (0.11, 0.87)*

1.83 (0.70, 4.76)

0.94 (0.57, 1.55)

 Low (<1.75)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Good view (Cronbach’s α = 0.72)

 High (≥2.0)

0.50 (0.22, 1.13)

1.61 (0.98, 2.67)

1.03 (0.55, 1.92)

0.76 (0.41, 1.42)

0.97 (0.60, 1.57)

0.25 (0.08, 0.82)*

0.87 (0.32, 2.36)

0.98 (0.58, 1.63)

 Low (<2.0)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Traffic and crime safety (Cronbach’s α = 0.52)  

 High (≥2.78)

0.76 (0.35, 1.63)

0.70 (0.42, 1.16)

1.12 (0.60, 2.08)

1.08 (0.59, 1.99)

0.63 (0.24, 1.66)

1.08 (0.62, 1.89)

1.31 (0.49, 3.54)

1.01 (0.62, 1.64)

 Low (<2.78)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

  1. Data are presented as adjusted odds ratio (95 % CI) after adjustment for age and automobile commuting; multiple logistic analysis *p < 0.05 after adjustment for covariates
  2. A high score of each neighborhood environment (NE) index indicates that NE is conducive to physical activity