Table 4 Multiple logistic regression analyses of determinants of willingness to pay

Area

 Hoang Tay

Reference

–

 Nhat Tan

0.70

0.40–1.22

Gender of the head of household

 Male

Reference

–

 Female

0.40

0.24–0.68*

Age of the head of household (years)

 <24

Reference

–

 25–34

0.53

0.15–1.86

 35–44

0.43

0.12–1.51

 45–54

0.29

0.08–1.02

 55–64

0.21

0.06–0.80*

 65+

0.11

0.02–0.53*

Education of the head of household

 Primary

Reference

–

 Secondary

1.03

0.61–1.74

 Tertiary and higher

0.60

0.22–1.59

Occupation of the head of household

 Farmer

Reference

–

 Non-farmer

1.16

0.63–2.14

Household size

 <5 members

Reference

–

 ≥5 members

1.08

0.58–2.00

Having children aged <6 years

 Yes

0.94

0.47–1.86

 No

Reference

–

Having people aged ≥60 years

 Yes

0.44

0.24–0.79

 No

Reference

–

Main sources of water

 Tap water

Reference

Reference

 Rain, well water

0.34

0.93–1.44

Current toilet

 Double vault toilet

Reference

–

 Single vault toilet

0.24

0.11–0.54*

 No toilet

0.12

0.04–0.37*

Dissatisfaction with the current toilet

 Yes

2.84

1.51–5.33*

 No

Reference

–

Economic status of household

 Poor

0.40

0.18–0.91*

 Non-poor

Reference

–

Having a family member with a chronic disease

 Yes

1.30

0.79–2.18

 No

Reference

–

Knowledge of health impacts of poor sanitation

 Poor

Reference

–

 Better

3.94

1.45–10.71*