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Table 2 Scores from HPLP-II and lifestyle-related factors analyzed

From: Relationship between lifestyle and lifestyle-related factors in a rural–urban population of Japan

Item (range of score)

Male (N = 512), mean ± SD

Female (N = 664), mean ± SD

p

Young male (N = 268), mean ± SD

Elderly male (N = 224), mean ± SD

Young female (N = 371), mean ± SD

Elderly female (N = 293), mean ± SD

χ 2

HPLP-II overall (1–4)

2.45 ± 0.37

2.61 ± 0.35

***

2.42 ± 0.37

2.48 ± 0.37

2.55 ± 0.32

2.69 ± 0.37

77.116***

 Health responsibility

2.20 ± 0.51

2.44 ± 0.53

***

2.09 ± 0.48

2.32 ± 0.52

2.34 ± 0.52

2.56 ± 0.52

103.987***

 Spiritual growth

2.59 ± 0.54

2.68 ± 0.53

**

2.60 ± 0.56

2.57 ± 0.53

2.67 ± 0.52

2.69 ± 0.54

10.077*

 Physical activity

1.82 ± 0.60

1.81 ± 0.59

ns.

1.82 ± 0.59

1.82 ± 0.62

1.71 ± 0.51

1.93 ± 0.65

20.187***

 Interpersonal relationships

2.81 ± 0.49

3.07 ± 0.41

***

2.83 ± 0.49

2.79 ± 0.50

3.07 ± 0.40

3.08 ± 0.43

91.123***

 Nutrition

2.58 ± 0.44

2.84 ± 0.41

***

2.48 ± 0.44

2.69 ± 0.41

2.73 ± 0.39

2.97 ± 0.38

174.692***

 Stress management

2.67 ± 0.47

2.76 ± 0.49

***

2.67 ± 0.49

2.66 ± 0.46

2.72 ± 0.39

2.83 ± 0.51

24.839***

Lifestyle-related factors (0–2)

 Supportive environment

1.07 ± 0.38

1.22 ± 0.36

***

1.07 ± 0.36

1.08 ± 0.40

1.20 ± 0.35

1.25 ± 0.37

48.129***

 Health cognition

1.05 ± 0.41

1.18 ± 0.35

***

1.01 ± 0.38

1.09 ± 0.43

1.14 ± 0.34

1.22 ± 0.35

43.745***

 Community health service

1.05 ± 0.45

1.07 ± 0.44

ns.

1.05 ± 0.45

1.06 ± 0.46

1.05 ± 0.43

1.10 ± 0.44

2.545

 Self-rated health

1.28 ± 0.68

1.35 ± 0.65

ns.

1.33 ± 0.67

1.23 ± 0.69

1.38 ± 0.64

1.31 ± 0.66

7.260

  1. The results shown were obtained by nonparametric test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001