Table 1 Distribution of basic attributes and parameters associated with social isolation in 2007 and 2010
Basic attributes/social isolation-related parameters | n | 2007 | 2010 | p valuea | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | |||
Gender | ||||||
Male | 87 | 38 | 43.0 | 38 | 43.0 | |
Female | 49 | 57.0 | 49 | 57.0 | ||
Age | 0.01 | |||||
Mean age | 86 | 74.2 ± 6.4b | 76.7 ± 6.4b | |||
≥75 years | 86 | 38 | 44.2 | 53 | 61.7 | |
65–74 | 48 | 55.8 | 33 | 38.4 | ||
Household members | 0.19 | |||||
1 | 86 | 14 | 16.1 | 18 | 20.9 | |
2 | 52 | 59.8 | 44 | 51.2 | ||
≥3 | 21 | 24.1 | 24 | 27.9 | ||
Length of residence | 87 | 25.2 ± 7.4b | 27.2 ± 7.4b | 0.01 | ||
Subjective sense of well-being | 1.00 | |||||
Low | 87 | 30 | 34.5 | 29 | 33.3 | |
High | 57 | 65.5 | 58 | 66.7 | ||
Depression | 1.00 | |||||
Present | 68 | 16 | 23.5 | 16 | 23.5 | |
Absent | 52 | 76.5 | 52 | 76.5 | ||
Number of diseases under treatment | 0.50 | |||||
Less than 2 diseases | 87 | 21 | 24.1 | 25 | 28.7 | |
More than 3 diseases | 66 | 75.9 | 62 | 71.3 | ||
Experience of falls | 0.08 | |||||
Present | 87 | 16 | 18.4 | 25 | 28.7 | |
Absent | 71 | 81.6 | 62 | 71.3 | ||
IADL | 0.01 | |||||
Low | 85 | 10 | 11.8 | 15 | 17.6 | |
High | 75 | 88.2 | 70 | 82.4 | ||
Number of hobbies and activities | 0.54 | |||||
Less than 2 activities | 86 | 23 | 26.7 | 27 | 31.4 | |
More than 3 activities | 63 | 73.3 | 59 | 68.6 | ||
Household income | 1.00 | |||||
Low | 82 | 14 | 17.1 | 14 | 17.1 | |
High | 68 | 82.9 | 68 | 82.9 | ||
Frequency of daily activity outside the home | 0.33 | |||||
Low | 86 | 8 | 9.3 | 13 | 15.1 | |
High | 78 | 90.7 | 63 | 75.0 | ||
Frequency of social contact with neighbors | 0.59 | |||||
Low | 84 | 31 | 36.0 | 35 | 40.7 | |
High | 55 | 64.0 | 51 | 59.3 | ||
Types of social isolation | ||||||
Non-isolation group | 86 | 49 | 57.0 | 44 | 51.2 | 0.57 |
Inactive and non-isolated group | 6 | 7.0 | 7 | 8.1 | ||
Would-be-isolated group | 29 | 33.7 | 29 | 33.7 | ||
Isolated group | 2 | 2.3 | 6 | 7.0 | ||
Status of long-term care need | 0.01 | |||||
Required | 84 | 7 | 8.3 | 16 | 19.0 | |
Not required | 77 | 91.7 | 68 | 81.0 | ||
Acceptance of emotional support | 0.26 | |||||
Absent | 86 | 18 | 20.9 | 12 | 14.0 | |
Present | 68 | 79.1 | 74 | 86.0 | ||
Provision of emotional support | 1.00 | |||||
Absent | 85 | 22 | 25.9 | 23 | 27.1 | |
Present | 63 | 74.1 | 62 | 72.9 | ||
Acceptance of instrumental support | 1.00 | |||||
Absent | 86 | 12 | 14.0 | 11 | 12.8 | |
Present | 74 | 86.0 | 75 | 87.2 | ||
Provision of instrumental support | 1.00 | |||||
Absent | 78 | 9 | 10.8 | 10 | 12.0 | |
Present | 74 | 89.2 | 73 | 88.0 | ||