Lead in the Japanese living environment

Table 3 Comparison of geometric mean lead concentration in house dust from Japanese residences and those from other countries

Country	n	Total/extract^a	Particle size (μm)	Geometric mean (mg/kg)	Range (mg/kg)	Reference
Japan	108	Total	<150 and <250	97.8	18–1,800	This study
UK	32	Extract	<63	150	56.8–358	Turner and Simmonds [47]
Australia	82	Extract	<100	85.2	16–16,600	Chattopadhyay et al. [48]
Canada	48	Total	100–250	233	50.2–3,226	Rasmussen et al. [49]
Hong Kong	151	Extract	<250	157^b	0.1–1,415	Tong and Lam [50]
Poland	23	Total	63–125	131	64–318	Liciewicz et al. [51]
			32–63	158	80–318
			<32	194	91–334

^aAnalysis of lead involving HF digestion or X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was denoted as “total”. Analysis of lead in acid (other than HF) leached house dust was denoted as an “extract”
^bMedian

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