Factors influencing caregivers’ burden among family caregivers and institutionalization of in-home elderly people cared for by family caregivers

Table 6 Comparisons between continuing group and institutionalized group of caregivers

Variables^a	Continuing group (n = 65)	Institutionalized group (n = 25)	p value	Adjusted^b p value
Male	20 (30.8)	8 (32.0)	0.910^c	0.637
Age	63.9 ± 10.0	61.2 ± 13.8	0.225^d	0.941^f
Time spent caregiving (h/day)	3.2 ± 2.4	3.9 ± 3.5	0.528^d	0.973^f
Time spent attending elderly (h/day)	5.3 ± 6.0	7.2 ± 7.8	0.428^d	0.893^d
Time when caregivers can leave without the elderly (h/day)	3.6 ± 3.6	2.8 ± 2.6	0.335^d	0.985^f
Duration of caregiving (months)	66.4 ± 48.1	54.5 ± 23.1	0.583^d	0.399^f
Have a job	19 (29.2)	8 (32.0)	0.797^c	0.924
Relationship of caregiver to elderly
Spouse vs. others	27 (41.5)	7 (28.0)	0.235^c	0.338
Daughter-in-law vs. others	10 (15.4)	13 (52.0)	0.001^c	0.016
CES-D
Score	14.6 ± 9.2	17.8 ± 9.1	0.087^d	0.051^f
Depressed	21 (32.3)	15 (60.0)	0.016^c	0.037
J-ZBI	35.1 ± 19.1	39.2 ± 17.4	0.356^e	0.360^f

CES-D Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, J-ZBI Japanese version of the Zarit Burden Interview
^aData are presented as the number of subjects (n), with the percentage given in parenthesis, or as the mean ± SD, as appropriate
^bMantel–Haenszel test (adjusted for age of the elderly requiring care)
^cChi-square test
^dMann–Whitney U test
^eThe cut-off point was set as the median value
^f t-test

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