Factors influencing caregivers’ burden among family caregivers and institutionalization of in-home elderly people cared for by family caregivers

Table 3 Comparisons between successful group and unsuccessful groups of caregivers

Variables^a	Successful group (n = 39)	Unsuccessful group (n = 37)	p value
Male	14 (35.9)	13 (35.1)	0.945^b
Age	62.4 ± 10.8	62.7 ± 12.3	0.632^c
Time spent caregiving (h/day)	2.4 ± 1.6	4.0 ± 4.1	0.045^c
Time spent attending elderly (h/day)	3.7 ± 6.3	5.0 ± 5.1	0.026^c
Time when caregivers can leave without the elderly (h/day)	4.0 ± 2.6	3.3 ± 2.7	0.195^c
Duration of caregiving (months)	55.4 ± 48.2	61.2 ± 49.5	0.412^c
Have a job	13 (33.3)	9 (24.3)	0.387^b
Relationship of caregiver to elderly
Spouse vs. others	15 (38.5)	14 (37.8)	0.955^b
Daughter-in-law vs. others	8 (20.5)	6 (16.2)	0.629^b
CES-D
Score	13.4 ± 5.7	16.0 ± 8.1	0.107^d
Depressed	12 (30.8)	16 (43.2)	0.260^b

CES-D Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, J-ZBI Japanese version of the Zarit Burden Interview
^aData are presented as the number of subjects (n), with the percentage given in parenthesis, or as the mean ± SD, as appropriate
^bChi-square test
^cMann–Whitney U test
^d t test

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