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Table 2 Distribution of health-promoting lifestyle profile II (HPLP-II) scores according to year

From: Assessment of health-promoting lifestyle profile in Japanese university students

Year

Overall HPLP-II

Health responsibility

Spiritual growth

Physical activity

Interpersonal relations

Nutrition

Stress management

All students

2.50 ± 0.29

2.01 ± 0.53

2.61 ± 0.48

2.23 ± 0.59

3.05 ± 0.44

2.42 ± 0.49

2.69 ± 0.44

First year

2.59 ± 0.29c

2.02 ± 0.48

2.70 ± 0.47

2.31 ± 0.56c

3.16 ± 0.39b

2.59 ± 0.41a,b

2.77 ± 0.47c

Second year

2.49 ± 0.29

1.98 ± 0.45

2.56 ± 0.45

2.31 ± 0.52d

3.08 ± 0.47

2.35 ± 0.53d

2.66 ± 0.41

Third year

2.47 ± 0.28

2.03 ± 0.59

2.59 ± 0.46

2.22 ± 0.59

2.96 ± 0.40

2.30 ± 0.41e

2.74 ± 0.43

Fourth year

2.45 ± 0.30

2.00 ± 0.60

2.59 ± 0.57

2.08 ± 0.70

3.01 ± 0.48

2.43 ± 0.60

2.61 ± 0.43

F value

3.095

0.153

1.984

7.305

3.43

10.637

4.206

  1. The values are expressed as means ± SD, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparison procedures using the Scheffe test were conducted
  2. a P < 0.05 year 1 versus year 2
  3. b P < 0.05 year 1 versus year 3
  4. c P < 0.01 year 1 versus year 4
  5. d P < 0.01 year 2 versus year 4
  6. e P < 0.01 year 3 versus year 4