Table 2 Characteristics of subjects according to frequency of drinking alcohol

Age (years)^A

58.0 ± 5.2

57.5 ± 5.2

57.5 ± 5.0^a

57.9 ± 5.3

58.0 ± 5.1^c

Estimated GFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)^A

71.2 ± 12.7

71.5 ± 11.6

72.6 ± 12.1^a

73.2 ± 12.9^a,b

74.8 ± 12.7^a,b,c,d

Creatinine (mg/dL)^A

0.89 ± 0.28

0.88 ± 0.18

0.87 ± 0.15^a

0.87 ± 0.15^a

0.84 ± 0.13^a,b,c,d

BMI (kg/m²)^A

23.9 ± 3.1

23.9 ± 2.8

23.9 ± 2.7

23.8 ± 2.7

23.5 ± 2.7^a,b,c

CRP (mg/L)^A

0.14 ± 0.43

0.13 ± 0.41

0.12 ± 0.36

0.13 ± 0.45

0.11 ± 0.36

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)^A

56.1 ± 14.2

58.5 ± 14.9^a

62.1 ± 15.1^a,b

63.1 ± 16.1^a,b

65.0 ± 16.6^a,b,c,d

Hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia (%)^B

41.8

38.0

32.8^a

31.8^a,b

27.0^a,b,c,d

Hypertension (%)^B

30.0

31.4

36.3^a

40.7^a,b

39.2^a,b

Diabetes (%)^B

13.6

11.7

13.0

13.3

11.9

Chronic kidney disease (%)^B

15.4

12.2

11.9

13.0

9.4^a,b,d

Medication

 Treatment for cholesterolemia (%)^B

11.2

11.3

10.1

9.9

7.5^a,b,c,d

 Treatment for hypertension (%)^B

20.2

20.2

24.1

25.8^a,b

25.2^a,b

 Treatment for diabetes (%)^B

7.7

7.2

7.6

6.6

5.3^a,c

Smoking history (%)^B

 Never smokers

35.9

39.4^a

35.8

31.7^b

21.3^a,b,c,d

 Former smokers

37.6

41.2

42.1

44.5

44.4

 Current smokers

26.5

19.4

22.1

23.8

34.3

Regular physical activity (%)^B

37.1

38.3

44.1^a,b

46.1^a,b

35.7^c,d