Table 1 Characteristics of subjects according to presence of chronic kidney disease

Age (years)^a

57.9 ± 5.1

57.6 ± 5.1

59.9 ± 5.2

Estimated GFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)^a

73.1 ± 12.7

75.8 ± 10.9

53.7 ± 6.3

Creatinine (mg/dL)^a

0.87 ± 1.89

0.83 ± 0.10

1.14 ± 0.37

BMI (kg/m²)^a

23.7 ± 2.8

23.7 ± 2.8

24.2 ± 2.6

CRP (mg/L)^a

0.12 ± 0.39

0.12 ± 0.35

0.17 ± 0.66

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

61.5 ± 16.1

61.9 ± 16.1

59.1 ± 16.0

Hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia (%)^b

32.9

32.2

38.5

Hypertension (%)^b

36.0

34.4

47.8

Diabetes (%)^b

12.6

12.6

12.7

Medication (%)^b

 Treatment for cholesterolemia

9.4

8.9

13.2

 Treatment for hypertension

23.4

21.6

36.9

 Treatment for diabetes

6.5

6.4

7.6

Smoking history (%)^b

<0.001

 Never smokers

29.7

28.6

37.5

 Former smokers

42.2

41.7

46.1

 Current smokers

28.1

29.7

16.4

Frequency of drinking alcohol (%)^b

<0.001

 Nondrinkers

23.5

22.6

30.4

 1–2 days/week

11.2

11.2

11.5

 3–4 days/week

10.8

10.8

10.9

 5–6 days/week

12.9

12.7

14.1

 Everyday drinkers

41.6

42.7

33.1

Regular physical activity (%)^b

38.6

37.4

47.4