Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine

Table 2 Results of multilevel regression analysis for self-rated health in the Japanese population: partial regression coefficients of individual and regional variables from the JGSS

From: The relationship between social capital and self-rated health in a Japanese population: a multilevel analysis

Individual/ regional variables	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
Individual/ regional variables	Coefficient	Standard error	p	Coefficient	Standard error	p	Coefficient	Standard error	p
Level 1 (n = 11702)
Intercept	2.827	0.089	<0.001	2.513	0.099	<0.001	2.726	0.092	<0.001
Sex (ref. female)
Male				0.125	0.024	<0.001
Age				0.009	0.001	<0.001
Marital status (ref. married/cohabiting)
Single				0.026	0.034	0.444
Divorced/separated/widowed				−0.022	0.036	0.560
Education (ref. ≥12 years)
Primarily (<12 years)				0.037	0.037	0.316
≥14 years				−0.052	0.034	0.134
≥16 years				−0.167	0.029	<0.001
Household income (ref. lowest quartile <2.0)
Missing income				−0.101	0.032	0.002
2nd quartile (2.0–2.9)				−0.189	0.038	<0.001
3rd quartile (3.0–4.5)				−0.138	0.038	<0.001
Highest quartile ≥4.5				−0.206	0.042	<0.001
Employment status (ref. regular employee)
Executive				−0.142	0.056	0.011
Part-time worker				−0.075	0.038	0.048
Temporary worker				−0.087	0.066	0.185
Self-employed/family worker				−0.158	0.036	<0.001
Unemployed				0.157	0.031	<0.001
Level 2 (n = 118)
Regional size (ref. large)
Small	−0.003	0.029	0.913	−0.044	0.028	0.115	0.008	0.031	0.799
Survey year (ref. 2000–2002)
2005–2006	−0.178	0.024	<0.001	−0.183	0.023	<0.001	−0.145	0.028	<0.001
Social capital
General trust (%)	−0.012	0.003	<0.001	−0.011	0.003	<0.001
Neighborhood safety (%)
Social participation (%)							−0.311	0.130	0.019
Regional random variance(±SD)	0.0015	0.0382	0.195	0.0005	0.0233	0.315	0.0026	0.051	0.072
Deviance		36379.5			35901.6			36389.64

	Model 4			Model 5			Model 6
	Coefficient	Standard error	p	Coefficient	Standard error	p	Coefficient	Standard error	p
Level 1 (n = 11702)
Intercept	2.304	0.105	<0.001	2.642	0.106	<0.001	2.265	0.114	<0.001
Sex (ref. female)
Male	0.124	0.024	<0.001				0.124	0.024	<0.001
Age	0.009	0.001	<0.001				0.009	0.001	<0.001
Marital status (ref. married/cohabiting)
Single	0.025	0.034	0.473				0.025	0.034	0.468
Divorced/separated/widowed	−0.019	0.036	0.594				−0.019	0.036	0.591
Education (ref. ≥12 years)
Primarily (<12 years)	0.032	0.037	0.383				0.033	0.037	0.376
≥14 years	−0.052	0.035	0.132				−0.052	0.035	0.128
≥16 years	−0.169	0.029	<0.001				−0.170	0.029	<0.001
Household income (ref. lowest quartile <2.0)
Missing income	−0.101	0.032	0.002				−0.102	0.032	0.002
2nd quartile (2.0–2.9)	−0.191	0.038	<0.001				−0.191	0.038	<0.001
3rd quartile (3.0–4.5)	−0.140	0.038	<0.001				−0.141	0.038	<0.001
Highest quartile ≥4.5	−0.207	0.043	<0.001				−0.209	0.043	<0.001
Employment status (ref. regular employee)
Executive	−0.143	0.056	0.011				−0.142	0.056	0.011
Part-time worker	−0.075	0.038	0.050				−0.075	0.038	0.048
Temporary worker	−0.085	0.066	0.198				−0.085	0.066	0.196
Self-employed/Family worker	−0.158	0.036	<0.001				−0.158	0.036	<0.001
Unemployed	0.158	0.031	<0.001				0.157	0.031	<0.001
Level 2 (n = 118)
Regional size (ref. large)
Small	−0.027	0.030	0.360	0.013	0.032	0.687	−0.026	0.030	0.389
Survey year (ref. 2000–2002)
2005–2006	−0.171	0.029	<0.001	−0.171	0.026	<0.001	−0.179	0.025	<0.001
Social capital
General trust (%)
Neighborhood safety (%)	−0.089	0.127	0.484
Social participation (%)				−0.217	0.217	0.320	−0.023	0.207	0.913
Regional random variance (±SD)	0.0022	0.0471	0.076	0.0034	0.0583	0.033	0.0023	0.0478	0.068
Deviance		35917.6			36393.1			35917

JGSS Japanese General Social Surveys

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