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Table 2 Prevalences of psychological distress and depression treatment by sociodemographic characteristics

From: Influences of income and employment on psychological distress and depression treatment in Japanese adults

Variable

Total N

K6 5+ (%)

K6 13+ (%)

Psychological complaints (%)

Depression treatment (%)

Sex

 Male

10,959

29.6**

3.8**

8.3***

1.6

 Female

11,655

31.6

4.5

10.6

1.8

Marital status

 Married

16,368

29.2***

3.6***

9.0***

1.2***

 Never married

4,787

33.3

5.3

10.1

2.7

 Separated/divorced

1,459

38.6

6.7

13.1

3.4

Employment arrangement

 Employed (mainly working)

16,041

29.6***

3.8***

8.7***

1.1***

 Housework with employment

2,169

31.9

3.8

9.7

1.2

 Housework without employment

3,127

30.8

4.5

11.5

2.2

 Unemployed

933

43.3

10.0

14.8

9.0

 Others

344

36.0

6.1

12.5

4.4

Household income

 5th quintile (highest)

4,524

27.8***

3.1***

7.9***

0.8***

 4th quintile

4,492

29.1

3.6

9.3

1.3

 3rd quintile

4,552

29.4

3.9

8.9

1.7

 2nd quintile

4,524

30.3

3.5

9.6

1.4

 1st quintile (lowest)

4,522

36.6

6.6

11.9

3.1

  1. Psychological distress was measured by K6 (cut-off = 5 or 13) and psychological complaints (general fatigue, sleeplessness, and/or irritation)
  2. ** p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (χ2 test)