Table 1 Summary of sociodemographic characteristics and psychological outcomes

Age (years)

43.6 ± 10.2^a

Sex

 Male

10,959 (48.5)

 Female

11,655 (51.5)

Marital status

 Married

16,368 (72.4)

 Never married

4,787 (21.2)

 Separated/divorced

1,459 (6.5)

Employment arrangement

 Employed (mainly working)

16,041 (70.9)

 Housework with employment

2,169 (9.6)

 Housework without employment

3,127 (13.8)

 Unemployed

933 (4.1)

 Others

344 (1.5)

Household income (annual, million yen)

 5th quintile (highest) (N = 4,524)

14.9 ± 6.3^a

 4th quintile (N = 4,492)

8.8 ± 0.8^a

 3rd quintile (N = 4,552)

6.5 ± 0.6^a

 2nd quintile (N = 4,524)

4.5 ± 0.5^a

 1st quintile (lowest) (N = 4,522)

2.3 ± 0.8^a

 Total (N = 22,614)

7.4 ± 0.5^a

K6 score (cut-off = 5)

 <5

15,685 (69.4)

 5+

6,929 (30.6)

K6 score (cut-off = 13)

 <13

21,672 (95.8)

 13+

942 (4.2)

Psychological complaints (fatigue, sleeplessness, and/or irritation)

 No

20,460 (90.5)

 Yes

2,154 (9.5)

Depression treatment (medical treatment for depression and/or other mental disorders)

 No

22,236 (98.3)

 Yes

378 (1.7)