Table 3 Results from the clinical examination and cytological tests on the bronchoalveolar lavage of the horses

Clinical examination

 Respiratory rate

8 horses^a ≤15/min

2/8 horses^a 16–20/min

1/8 horses^a 16–20/min

 Auscultation thorax

Normal

Normal

7 normal, 1/8 horse with respiratory sounds

 Nasal discharge (mean ± SD)^b

1.57 ± 0.53

1.43 ± 0.54

1.29 ± 0.49

 Spontaneous coughing

0

0

0

 Cough provocation

All negative

All negative

1/8 horses positive

Endoscopy

 Mucus in trachea (mean ± SD)^c

 Accumulation

1.59 ± 1.37

1.03 ± 0.79

0.46 ± 0.51*

 Localization and stickness

1.77 ± 0.61

1.50 ± 0.48

1.45 ± 0.77

 Apparent viscosity

2.83 ± 0.41

2.24 ± 0.82

1.50 ± 0.76

 Colour

3.37 ± 0.45

3.76 ± 1.10

4.3 ± 0.58

 Increased thickness of tracheal septum

1

0

0

Bronchoalveolar lavage

 Neutrophils in BAL (%)

<10%

<10%

1/8 horses 11%

1/8 horses 24%