Studies compared | 1. Country 2. Subjects 3. Study duration | Category of operations | Types of anesthesia | Assessment indicators |
---|---|---|---|---|
Data from study site | 1. Vietnam (hospital statistics) 2. 13,429 subjects aged ≥15 years 3. One year in 2005 | Abdominal 48% ENT 18% Urological 15% Others 19% (laparoscopic surgery 30%) | General anesthesia (GA) 57% Major regional anesthesia (MRA) 22% Others 21% |  |
Examples of multi-center studies | 1. Italy (162 hospitals) (Peduto et al. 2004) [22] 2. 12,263 subjects of all ages 3. One week | Abdominal and urological 29% Obstetric-gynecological 20% Orthopedic 14% ENT 10% Others 27% | Proportion of GA Â ENT 95% Â Gynecological 86% Â Abdominal 76% Â Urological 55% | 1. Demographic items 2. Medical conditions including ASA 3. Perioperative complications and adverse effects |
1. Italy (6 hospitals) (Capuzzo et al. 2007) [3] 2. 1,290 subjects aged >18 years 3. Three months | Minor surgery 38% Moderate surgery 35% Major surgery 27% | GA 53% MRA 33% GA and MRA 14% | 1. Sociodemographic items 2. Medical condition including ASA 3. Provision of anesthesia service 4. Mental condition of staff 5. Patient satisfaction | |
1. Thailand (20 hospitals) (Charuluxananan et al. 2005) [23, 24] 2. 163,403 subjects of all ages 3. One year | Abdominal 25% Extremities 22% Cesarean section 10% Perineal-anal 6% Others 37% | GA 68% MRA 28% Others 4% (97% of GA is not combined with other anesthesia) | 1. Demographic items 2. Medical conditions including ASA 3. Perioperative complications and adverse effects 4. Types of staffs and equipments | |
1. Hong Kong (6 hospitals) (Lau et al. 2001) [11] 2. 18,759 subjects of all ages 3. Two months | Major surgery 45% Intermediate surgery 29%, Minor surgery 26% | GA 72% MRA 19% GA and MRA 7% Others 2% | 1. Demographic items 2. Medical condition including ASA 3. Perioperative complications and adverse effects | |
1. Japan (467 hospitals) (Kawashima et. al. 1999) [25] 2. 793,847 subjects of all ages 3. One year | Laparotomy 32% Extremities 16% Head–neck–ENT 14% Others 38% | GA 51% GA and MRA 31% MRA 17% Others 1% | Anesthesia related mortality and morbidity by  1. Principle cause  2. Demographic items  3. Medical condition including ASA  4. Surgical site and anesthetic methods |