Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patient cohort
Baseline characteristics | n (%)a | Median (minimum, maximum) |
|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic characteristics | ||
Age (years) | 57 (16, 86) | |
16–39 | 14 (7.8) | |
40–64 | 105 (58.3) | |
≧65 | 61 (33.9) | |
Sex | ||
Male | 100 (55.6) | |
Female | 80 (44.4) | |
Education | ||
None up to primary school | 69 (38.3) | |
Higher than primary school | 109 (61.7) | |
Occupation | ||
Work with stable incomeb | 25 (14.0) | |
Work with unstable income | 153 (86.0) | |
Medical insurance coverage | ||
Yes | 21 (11.8) | |
No | 157 (88.2) | |
Surgical and anesthetic characteristics | ||
American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification | ||
I–II | 149 (82.8) | |
III or higher | 31 (17.2) | |
Malignancy | ||
Malignant | 149 (82.8) | |
Benign | 31 (17.2) | |
Medical history | ||
Cardiovascular disease | ||
Yes | 53 (29.4) | |
No | 127 (70.6) | |
Pulmonary disease | ||
Yes | 28 (15.6) | |
No | 152 (84.4) | |
Endocrine disease | ||
Yes | 13 (7.2) | |
No | 167 (92.8) | |
Surgical area | ||
Upper gastro-intestinal (GI) tract ± lower GI tract | 93 (51.7) | |
Lower GI tract | 87 (48.3) | |
Types of surgical procedures | ||
Laparoscopic surgery | 45 (25.0) | |
Open surgery | 135 (75.0) | |
Types of anesthesia | ||
General (inhalational) anesthesia | 47 (26.1) | |
General (inhalational) + epidural anesthesia | 133 (73.9) | |
Duration of surgery (min) | 180 (15, 470) | |
Amount of blood loss (ml) | 100 (5, 1000) | |