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Table 3 The concentration of estrogens and progesterone in plasma

From: Uterotrophic effects of cow milk in immature ovariectomized Sprague–Dawley rats

Test groups

Estrone (pg/ml)

Estradiol (pg/ml)

Progesterone (ng/ml)

Traditional milk

58.5 ± 8.4

12.6 ± 2.0

0.8 ± 0.2

Commercial milk

63.2 ± 6.4

16.1 ± 2.2 a

8.4 ± 3.1 a

Water

24.5 ± 4.6 a,b

6.7 ± 2.9 a,b

0.4 ± 0.3 a,b

  1. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for comparison among groups. Values are given as the mean ± SD
  2. Values followed by different letters indicate signficant differences. a Significant difference from the traditional milk group (n = 15; p < 0.001); b significant difference from the commercial milk group (n = 15; p < 0.001)