Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children and relationship to metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and waist circumference

Table 2 Anthropometric and metabolic parameters by graded NAFLD

Parameters^a	Non-NAFLD, category 1 (n = 113)	Mild–moderate NAFLD, category 2 (n = 25)	Serious NAFLD, category 3 (n = 12)	P for trend^b	P value^c
WC (cm)	63.5 ± 0.8	76.5 ± 1.8	85.1 ± 2.1	<0.001	<0.001 (1 vs. 2)
					0.026 (2 vs. 3)
					<0.001 (1 vs. 3)
WC/H (index)	0.4 ± 0.005	0.5 ± 0.01	0.5 ± 0.01	<0.001	<0.001 (1 vs. 2)
WC/H (index)	0.4 ± 0.005	0.5 ± 0.01	0.5 ± 0.01	<0.001	<0.001 (1 vs. 3)
BMI (index)	18.9 ± 0.3	23.2 ± 0.7	26.5 ± 1.1	<0.001	<0.001 (1 vs. 2)
					<0.001 (1 vs. 3)
					0.035 (2 vs. 3)
SBP (mmHg)	105.6 ± 1.2	111.0 ± 2.3	116.4 ± 3.1	0.008	0.028 (1 vs. 3)
DBP (mmHg)	51.3 ± 0.9	56.0 ± 2.0	59.7 ± 2.6	0.004	0.024 (1 vs. 3)
TG (mg/dl)	56.2 ± 2.6	80.7 ± 14.6	90.5 ± 10.1	0.001	0.022 (1 vs. 2)
TG (mg/dl)	56.2 ± 2.6	80.7 ± 14.6	90.5 ± 10.1	0.001	0.019 (1 vs. 3)
HDLC (mg/dl)	36.1 ± 0.6	30.5 ± 1.0	29.1 ± 2.3	<0.001	0.002 (1 vs. 2)
HDLC (mg/dl)	36.1 ± 0.6	30.5 ± 1.0	29.1 ± 2.3	<0.001	0.006 (1 vs. 3)
FPG (mg/dl)	91.7 ± 0.7	91.7 ± 1.2	94.7 ± 1.6	0.232	NS
IRI (μU/ml)	8.3 ± 0.3	10.8 ± 0.8	13.8 ± 1.4	<0.001	0.007 (1 vs. 2)
IRI (μU/ml)	8.3 ± 0.3	10.8 ± 0.8	13.8 ± 1.4	<0.001	<0.001 (1 vs. 3)
HOMA-IR (index)	1.9 ± 0.1	2.4 ± 0.2	3.2 ± 0.3	<0.001	0.018 (1 vs. 2)
HOMA-IR (index)	1.9 ± 0.1	2.4 ± 0.2	3.2 ± 0.3	<0.001	<0.001 (1 vs. 3)

^aFor definition of the terms, see the Abbreviation section
^bThe kruskal–Wallis test was performed to test for the difference among the three categories
^cPairwise difference between the three categories by Shaffe’s Multiple Comparison

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