Changes in activities of daily living (ADL) among elderly Chinese by marital status, living arrangement, and availability of healthcare over a 3-year period

Table 3 Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for different changes in ADL, by multinomial logistical regression among the elderly in China during the period 2002–2005

Variable	FI at baseline (n = 8,857)
Variable	RI/FI	95% CI	RD/FI	95% CI	FD/FI	95% CI	Dead/FI	95% CI
Marital status
Married	0.65	0.46–0.91*	0.96	0.51–1.79	0.80	0.50–1.26	0.8	0.66–0.97*
Single	1		1		1		1
Living arrangement
Living only with spouse	1.73	1.11–2.68*	0.88	0.40–1.95	1.14	0.61–2.12	0.99	0.77–1.29
Living with others^a	1.35	1.01–1.80*	0.94	0.57–1.56	1.51	1.03–2.21*	1.13	0.95–1.35
Living in a nursing home	0.62	0.29–1.34	0.75	0.22–2.53	0.61	0.25–1.47	1.31	0.86–2.00
Living alone	1		1		1		1
Type of caregiver when elderly sporson is ill
Spouse	0.56	0.28–1.13	0.73	0.23–2.37	0.76	0.29–2.00	1.79	0.64–5.00
Children and other relatives	0.58	0.32–1.09	0.56	0.20–1.55	0.47	0.21–1.06	1.44	0.76–2.74
Live-in caregivers and others	1		1		1		1
Availability of adequate medical service when ill
No	0.88	0.62–1.25	1.11	0.62–2.00	1.02	0.68–1.53	1.15	0.94–1.40
Yes	1		1		1		1
Having health insurance
Yes	1.11	0.82–1.50	1.13	0.64–2.01	1.29	0.84–2.00	1.10	0.91–1.33
No	1		1		1		1

Variable	RI at baseline (n = 1,834)					RD and FD at baseline (n = 1,230)
Variable	FI/RI	95% CI	RD + FD/RI	95% CI	Dead/RI	95% CI	FI + RI/RD + FD	95% CI	Dead/RD + FD	95% CI
Marital status
Married	1.24	0.70–2.21	0.71	0.35–1.44	0.69	0.40–1.19	0.91	0.38–2.18	0.59	0.29–1.20
Single	1		1		1		1		1
Living arrangement
Living only with spouse	0.86	0.37–2.01	1.53	0.52–4.54	0.88	0.39–2.00	0.33	0.08–1.41	0.47	0.15–1.49
Living with others^a	0.91	0.54–1.54	1.56	0.83–2.92	1.24	0.78–1.98	0.79	0.32–1.96	0.71	0.34–1.46
Living in a nursing home	0.76	0.23–2.57	1.05	0.32–3.39	0.97	0.38–2.46	1.59	0.28–8.95	0.87	0.29–2.64
Living alone	1		1		1		1		1
Type of caregiver when elderly sporson is ill
Spouse	1.52	0.47–4.94	0.52	0.15–1.83	1.01	0.38–2.71	4.65	0.95–22.82	0.64	0.42–0.98*
Children and other relatives	1.26	0.47–3.37	0.67	0.27–1.64	0.66	0.31–1.38	4.44	1.30–15.18*	0.63	0.43–0.92*
Live-in caregivers and others	1		1		1		1		1
Availability of adequate medical service when ill
No	1.70	0.96–3.01	1.48	0.77–2.85	1.49	0.88–2.52	1.30	0.74–2.31	0.73	0.45–1.18
Yes	1		1		1		1		1
Having health insurance
Yes	0.69	0.38–1.26	1.22	0.68–2.21	0.93	0.57–1.53	0.50	0.21–1.20	0.36	0.19–0.67***
No	1		1		1		1		1

Adjusted for age, gender, residence, education, occupation, household income, frequency of serious illnessse in the past 2 years and cognitive abilities
FI Fully independence, RI relative independence, RD relative dependence, FD fully dependence
* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001
^a“Living with others” was defined by a household size ≥3 individuals, and “others” was defined as a spouse, children, grandchildren, or other relatives

ISSN: 1347-4715