Table 1 Characteristics of study population by change in ADL among the elderly in China during 2002–2005
Variables | FI at baseline (n = 8,857) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FI | RI | RD | FD | Dead | P valuea | ||||
Demographic factors | |||||||||
Gender | |||||||||
Male | 3,057 (67.8) | 259 (5.7) | 66 (1.5) | 129 (2.9) | 1,001 (22.2) | <0.001 | |||
Female | 2,649 (61.0) | 316 (7.3) | 86 (2.0) | 199 (4.6) | 1,095 (25.2) | ||||
Age group | |||||||||
65–74 | 2,325 (83.8) | 68 (2.4) | 15 (0.5) | 27 (1.0) | 341 (12.3) | <0.001 | |||
75–84 | 1,864 (72.1) | 163 (6.3) | 34 (1.3) | 65 (2.5) | 461 (17.8) | ||||
85–94 | 1,129 (50.6) | 210 (9.4) | 63 (2.8) | 123 (5.5) | 705 (31.6) | ||||
95–105 | 377 (29.8) | 137 (10.8) | 43 (3.4) | 118 (9.3) | 589 (46.6) | ||||
Residence | |||||||||
Urban | 2,362 (61.2) | 286 (7.4) | 75 (1.9) | 145 (3.8) | 992 (25.7) | <0.001 | |||
Rural | 3,332 (66.7) | 295 (5.9) | 78 (1.6) | 188 (3.8) | 1,104 (22.1) | ||||
Education | |||||||||
No formal education | 3,043 (61.2) | 349 (7.0) | 99 (2.0) | 233 (4.7) | 1,249 (25.1) | <0.001 | |||
1–4 education | 1,328 (66.7) | 118 (5.9) | 31 (1.6) | 55 (2.8) | 459 (23.1) | ||||
>5 years education | 1,305 (70.0) | 113 (6.1) | 23 (1.7) | 43 (3.7) | 381 (20.4) | ||||
Socioeconomic factors | |||||||||
Household income per capita per year | |||||||||
≤1,200 | 1,884 (65.8) | 166 (5.8) | 46 (1.6) | 121 (4.2) | 647 (22.6) | 0.001 | |||
1,201–3,000 | 1,854 (66.6) | 186 (6.7) | 40 (1.4) | 89 (3.2) | 615 (22.1) | ||||
>3,001 | 1,745 (61.8) | 206 (7.3) | 59 (2.1) | 100 (3.5) | 715 (25.3) | ||||
Occupation | |||||||||
Nonagricultural occupation | 2,131 (60.6) | 256 (7.3) | 65 (1.8) | 135 (3.8) | 930 (26.4) | <0.001 | |||
Agricultural occupation | 3,455 (66.4) | 319 (6.1) | 85 (1.6) | 188 (3.6) | 1,159 (22.3) | ||||
Exposure factors | |||||||||
Marital Status | |||||||||
Married | 2,813 (76.3) | 163 (4.4) | 44 (1.2) | 75 (2.0) | 592 (16.1) | <0.001 | |||
Single | 2,881 (55.7) | 418 (8.1) | 109 (2.1) | 258 (5.0) | 1,504 (29.1) | ||||
Living arrangement | |||||||||
Living alone | 838 (63.4) | 81 (6.1) | 23 (1.7) | 48 (3.6) | 331 (25.1) | < 0.001 | |||
Living only with spouse | 1,490 (77.6) | 92 (4.8) | 21 (1.1) | 33 (1.7) | 285 (14.8) | ||||
Living with othersb | 3,195 (60.8) | 392 (7.5) | 100 (1.9) | 238 (4.5) | 1,334 (25.4) | ||||
Living in a nursing home | 171 (48.2) | 16 (4.5) | 9 (2.5) | 14 (3.9) | 145 (40.8) | ||||
Type of caregiver when elderly sporson is ill | |||||||||
Spouse | 1,879 (77.7) | 101 (4.2) | 29 (1.2) | 44 (1.8) | 364 (15.1) | <0.001 | |||
Children and other relatives | 3,449 (59.8) | 442 (7.7) | 109 (1.9) | 258 (4.5) | 1,506 (26.1) | ||||
Live-in caregivers and others | 193 (45.5) | 26 (6.1) | 12 (2.8) | 26 (6.1) | 167 (39.4) | ||||
Availability of adequate medical service when ill | |||||||||
No | 5,197 (64.9) | 531 (6.6) | 134 (1.7) | 293 (3.7) | 1,848 (23.1) | <0.001 | |||
Yes | 496 (58.2) | 50 (5.9) | 19 (2.2) | 40 (4.7) | 247 (29.0) | ||||
Having health insurance | |||||||||
Yes | 824 (64.3) | 85 (6.6) | 21 (1.6) | 40 (3.1) | 311 (24.3) | 0.752 | |||
No | 4,862 (64.3) | 495 (6.5) | 132 (1.7) | 292 (3.9) | 1,782 (23.6) | ||||
Health factorsc | |||||||||
Frequency of serious illness | 5,680 (0.27 ± 0.81) | 578 (0.59 ± 1.95) | 153 (1.64 ± 4.65) | 333 (4.17 ± 8.25) | 2,095 (1.32 ± 4.52) | <0.001 | |||
MMSE scores | 5,694 (26.27 ± 5.99) | 581 (23.65 ± 7.46) | 153 (22.59 ± 7.58) | 333 (21.52 ± 8.47) | 2,096 (22.69 ± 8.07) | <0.001 | |||
Change of ADL 2002–2005 | 5,694 (64.3) | 581 (6.6) | 153 (1.7) | 333 (3.8) | 2,096 (23.7) | – | |||
Variables | RI at baseline (n = 1,834) | RD and FD at baseline (n = 1,230) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FI | RI | RD and FD | Dead | P valuea | FI and RI | RD and FD | Dead | P valuea | |
Demographic factors | |||||||||
Gender | |||||||||
Male | 142 (22.3) | 98 (15.4) | 84 (13.2) | 312 (49.1) | 0.465 | 50 (14.7) | 51 (15.0) | 238 (70.2) | 0.943 |
Female | 260 (21.7) | 216 (18.0) | 167 (13.9) | 555 (46.3) | 129 (14.5) | 141 (15.8) | 621 (69.7) | ||
Age group | |||||||||
65–74 | 56 (54.4) | 19 (18.4) | 7 (6.8) | 21 (20.4) | <0.001 | 6 (19.4) | 9 (29.0) | 16 (51.6) | <0.001 |
75–84 | 117 (36.9) | 62 (19.6) | 37 (11.7) | 101 (31.9) | 28 (23.3) | 33 (27.5) | 59 (49.2) | ||
85–94 | 143 (22.9) | 121 (19.4) | 91 (14.6) | 269 (43.1) | 70 (18.8) | 62 (16.6) | 241 (64.6) | ||
95–105 | 86 (10.9) | 113 (14.3) | 115 (14.6) | 476 (60.3) | 75 (10.6) | 88 (12.8) | 543 (76.9) | ||
Residence | |||||||||
Urban | 175 (18.0) | 191 (19.7) | 152 (15.7) | 452 (46.6) | <0.001 | 68 (11.3) | 106 (17.7) | 426 (71.0) | 0.003 |
Rural | 227 (26.3) | 124 (14.4) | 98 (11.3) | 415 (48.0) | 111 (17.6) | 86 (13.7) | 433 (68.7) | ||
Education | |||||||||
No formal education | 267 (21.1) | 226 (18.0) | 167 (13.3) | 599 (47.6) | 0.083 | 137 (15.1) | 124 (13.7) | 644 (71.2) | 0.001 |
1–4 education | 71 (23.6) | 57 (18.9) | 34 (11.3) | 139 (46.2) | 28 (17.6) | 26 (16.4) | 105 (66.0) | ||
>5 years education | 60 (23.1) | 31 (11.9) | 47 (18.1) | 122 (46.9) | 13 (8.7) | 40 (26.7) | 97 (64.7) | ||
Socioeconomic factors | |||||||||
Household income per capita per year | |||||||||
≤1,200 | 151 (28.8) | 102 (19.4) | 25 (4.8) | 247 (47.0) | 0.002 | 78 (20.5) | 60 (15.8) | 242 (63.7) | 0.002 |
1,201–3,000 | 118 (24.2) | 82 (16.8) | 18 (3.7) | 270 (55.3) | 47 (13.8) | 51 (15.0) | 242 (71.2) | ||
>3,001 | 115 (19.7) | 123 (21.0) | 40 (6.8) | 307 (52.5) | 44 (10.5) | 66 (15.7) | 310 (73.8) | ||
Occupation | |||||||||
Nonagricultural occupation | 147 (20.3) | 115 (15.9) | 107 (14.8) | 355 (49.0) | 0.246 | 65 (14.1) | 80 (17.3) | 317 (68.6) | 0.332 |
Agricultural occupation | 247 (22.8) | 193 (17.8) | 137 (12.7) | 506 (46.7) | 113 (15.0) | 107 (14.2) | 535 (70.9) | ||
Exposure factors | |||||||||
Marital Status | |||||||||
Married | 120 (36.7) | 61 (18.7) | 36 (11.0) | 110 (33.6) | < 0.001 | 30 (18.8) | 43 (26.9) | 87 (54.4) | <0.001 |
Single | 282 (18.7) | 254 (16.9) | 214 (14.2) | 757 (50.2) | 149 (13.9) | 149 (13.9) | 771 (72.1) | ||
Living arrangement | |||||||||
Living alone | 55 (28.1) | 34 (17.3) | 19 (9.7) | 88 (44.9) | < 0.001 | 14 (14.3) | 13 (13.3) | 71 (72.4) | 0.036 |
Living only with spouse | 64 (39.0) | 32 (19.5) | 18 (11.0) | 50 (30.5) | 13 (18.1) | 21 (29.2) | 38 (52.8) | ||
Living with othersb | 271 (19.5) | 234 (16.9) | 201 (14.5) | 681 (49.1) | 144 (14.5) | 147 (14.8) | 701 (70.7) | ||
Living in a nursing home | 12 (13.8) | 15 (17.2) | 12 (13.8) | 48 (55.2) | 8 (11.8) | 11 (16.2) | 49 (72.1) | ||
Type of caregiver when elderly sporson is ill | |||||||||
Spouse | 65 (39.6) | 28 (17.1) | 15 (9.1) | 56 (34.1) | <0.001 | 17 (14.3) | 21 (17.6) | 81 (68.1) | 0.012 |
Children and other relatives | 312 (20.6) | 263 (17.3) | 215 (14.2) | 727 (47.9) | 150 (16.2) | 138 (14.9) | 636 (68.8) | ||
Live-in caregivers and others | 13 (10.0) | 20 (15.4) | 20 (15.4) | 77 (59.2) | 11 (6.1) | 33 (18.4) | 135 (75.4) | ||
Availability of adequate medical service when ill | |||||||||
No | 348 (21.2) | 293 (17.8) | 229 (13.9) | 775 (47.1) | 0.028 | 132 (13.0) | 158 (15.6) | 723 (71.4) | 0.004 |
Yes | 54 (28.6) | 22 (11.6) | 21 (11.1) | 92 (48.7) | 47 (21.7) | 34 (15.7) | 136 (62.7) | ||
Having health insurance | |||||||||
Yes | 34 (16.7) | 37 (18.1) | 40 (19.6) | 93 (45.6) | 0.027 | 13 (10.7) | 36 (29.8) | 72 (59.5) | <0.001 |
No | 368 (22.6) | 278 (17.1) | 210 (12.9) | 772 (47.4) | 166 (15.0) | 154 (13.9) | 786 (71.1) | ||
Health factorsc | |||||||||
Frequency of serious illness | 402 (0.31 ± 1.33) | 314 (0.47 ± 1.59) | 250 (2.24 ± 5.76) | 866 (1.82 ± 4.89) | <0.001 | 179 (0.32 ± 1.26) | 192 (4.36 ± 8.12) | 856 (4.13 ± 8.20) | <0.001 |
MMSE scores | 402 (22.08 ± 7.75) | 315 (21.03 ± 8.29) | 250 (20.10 ± 8.35) | 867 (17.79 ± 8.96) | <0.001 | 179 (15.61 ± 9.49) | 192 (15.08 ± 9.94) | 859 (11.63 ± 9.43) | <0.001 |
Change of ADL 2002–2005 | 402 (21.9) | 315 (17.2) | 250 (13.6) | 867 (47.3) | – | 179 (14.6) | 192 (15.6) | 859 (69.8) | – |