Table 3 Values of biomechanical variables before and after intervention in third grade students
Biomechanical variables | Third grade students | p valuea | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention group 2 | Gender | Time | Side | ||||
Male (n = 5) | Female (n = 4) | ||||||
Pre-measurement | Post-measurement | Pre-measurement | Post-measurement | ||||
Angle of joint (degrees) | |||||||
Right hip flexion angle | 40.9 ± 7.4 | 47.9 ± 9.0 | 33.7 ± 6.4 | 33.5 ± 10.4 | 0.092 | 0.838 | 0.821 |
Left hip flexion angle | 40.3 ± 9.7 | 39.5 ± 24.8 | 37.6 ± 5.8 | 34.9 ± 12.9 | |||
Right knee flexion angle | 70.0 ± 11.2 | 77.4 ± 3.4 | 68.4 ± 8.3 | 70.5 ± 4.6 | 0.317 | 0.301 | 0.552 |
Left knee flexion angle | 72.7 ± 13.0 | 74.6 ± 3.1 | 72.8 ± 8.3 | 72.4 ± 3.3 | |||
Trunk flexion angle | 44.8 ± 22.8 | 31.5 ± 8.3 | 46.7 ± 16.9 | 22.1 ± 6.3 | 0.466 | 0.001 | – |
Surface myography (%MVC) | |||||||
Right biceps brachii | 67.2 ± 40.1 | 108.9 ± 116.6 | 14.4 ± 6.6 | 37.1 ± 27.9 | 0.059 | 0.241 | 0.630 |
Left biceps brachii | 81.5 ± 56.2 | 81.6 ± 74.8 | 32.1 ± 22.0 | 76.8 ± 102.8 | |||
Right trapezius | 48.0 ± 5.4 | 86.8 ± 59.0 | 65.5 ± 35.1 | 121.5 ± 31.2 | 0.088 | 0.156 | 0.702 |
Left trapezius | 69.1 ± 20.8 | 73.9 ± 19.1 | 105.0 ± 111.7 | 98.4 ± 35.7 | |||
Right rectus femoris | 24.9 ± 12.4 | 39.1 ± 25.0 | 44.2 ± 14.5 | 33.3 ± 7.4 | 0.095 | 0.699 | 0.473 |
Left rectus femoris | 24.1 ± 15.3 | 27.3 ± 18.0 | 36.3 ± 15.8 | 38.3 ± 5.7 | |||
Right erector spinae | 56.0 ± 13.7 | 52.8 ± 14.8 | 56.3 ± 35.9 | 48.5 ± 26.7 | 0.783 | 0.828 | 0.983 |
Left erector spinae | 52.2 ± 7.8 | 49.0 ± 14.8 | 52.5 ± 23.3 | 60.5 ± 28.0 | |||
Transfer time (msec) | 1529 ± 354 | 1479 ± 147 | 1717 ± 459 | 1968 ± 403 | 0.006 | 0.390 | – |