Development of a questionnaire to assess ‘Hie’ symptoms using an evidence-based analysis

Table 2 Spearman’s correlation of empirically used and newly selected questions

Questions	1	2	3	4	7	8	12	13	14	16	17	18	20	21
Screening item
1. Hie (yes or no)	–	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Empirically used items
2. Severity of Hie	0.43	–	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
3. Frequency of Hie	0.15	0.81	–	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
4. Disability in daily living	0.35	0.73	0.66	–	*	*	NS	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Newly selected items
7. Hie with breezed feeling	0.32	0.61	0.59	0.54	–	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
8. Hie with shivery feeling	0.25	0.55	0.53	0.53	0.57	–	NS	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
12. Heat tolerance	−0.21	−0.18	−0.16	−0.12	−0.15	−0.07	–	*	NS	*	*	**	NS	NS
13. Sensitivity to cold	0.14	0.33	0.27	0.30	0.20	0.28	−0.11	–	*	*	*	*	*	*
14. Hie-like sensation in an airplane	0.35	0.58	0.53	0.51	0.46	0.51	−0.09	0.32	–	*	*	*	*	*
16. Reluctance to use air conditioning	0.23	0.36	0.33	0.34	0.31	0.29	−0.21	0.20	0.38	–	*	*	*	*
17. Use of gloves	0.28	0.56	0.52	0.52	0.44	0.45	−0.17	0.22	0.53	0.36	–	*	*	*
18. Use of additional clothing	0.26	0.51	0.48	0.46	0.42	0.44	−0.13	0.25	0.53	0.34	0.62	–	*	*
20. Use of an electric blanket	0.30	0.50	0.45	0.45	0.33	0.36	−0.11	0.23	0.47	0.26	0.46	0.43	–	*
21. Requirement of heating devices	0.28	0.57	0.53	0.49	0.44	0.44	−0.12	0.25	0.53	0.33	0.57	0.47	0.54	–

The first four items (yes/no, severity, frequency and disability) were excluded from the final questionnaire because they were not related to the empirically used questions
NS not significant
*P < 0.01, **P < 0.05 using Bonferroni-adjusted significance level. In all of the analyses, the observational numbers ranged from 624 (i.e. frequency of Hie vs. Hie with shivery feeling) to 737 (e.g. use of a heating device vs. using an electric blanket)

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