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Table 4 Factors associated with performing recommended good hygiene practices: relationship with combined conditions of participation in hygiene educational activities and cohabitation with animals, agricultural farm work as the main occupation, education of female principal family member and household income (n = 1,183)

From: Cohabitation with farm animals in urban households with and without occupational farm work: associations between participation in educational activities and good hygiene practices in at-risk households cohabiting with farm animals

 

Chickens

Ducks

Cattle

Buffaloes

Dogs

n

AORb (95%CI)

n

AORb (95%CI)

n

AORb (95%CI)

n

AORb (95%CI)

n

AORb (95%CI)

Combined variable

 Participation in hygiene-related educational activities at least three times in the previous year

Cohabitation with particular animalsa

          

  No

Yes

201

Reference

138

Reference

45

Reference

33

Reference

147

Reference

  No

No

181

1.5 (0.9, 2.2)

244

1.7 (1.1, 2.7)

337

2.0 (1.0, 4.1)

349

1.6 (0.7, 3.5)

235

1.2 (0.7, 1.8)

  Yes

Yes

508

1.7 (1.2, 2.3)

345

2.0 (1.3, 3.0)

129

2.3 (1.0, 4.9)

47

1.6 (0.6, 4.4)

338

1.6 (1.1, 2.5)

  Yes

No

293

2.5 (1.7, 3.6)

456

2.5 (1.7, 3.8)

672

3.1 (1.6, 6.3)

754

2.5 (1.1, 5.5)

463

1.9 (1.3, 2.7)

Agricultural farm work as the main occupation

 

0.4 (0.3, 0.5)

 

0.4 (0.3, 0.5)

 

0.4 (0.3, 0.5)

 

0.4 (0.3, 0.5)

 

0.3 (0.3, 0.4)

Education of female principal, high school or higher

 

1.6 (1.3, 2.1)

 

1.6 (1.3, 2.1)

 

1.6 (1.2, 2.1)

 

1.7 (1.3, 2.2)

 

1.7 (1.3, 2.2)

Household income, high (≥1 million kip/month)

 

1.0 (0.7, 1.5)

 

1.1 (0.7, 1.6)

 

1.1 (0.7, 1.6)

 

1.1 (0.7, 1.6)

 

1.1 (0.7, 1.6)

  1. Recommended good hygiene practices were defined as satisfying five or more of the following six criteria: (1) access to piped water; (2) a clean, organised yard with separation from farm animals; (3) well-maintained drainage; (4) tidiness inside the house with separation of materials designated for inside and outside use; (5) family’s practice of boiling water before drinking and (6) family’s practice of washing hands before eating. Criteria (1) to (4) were evaluated by inspection, and (5) and (6) were evaluated by self-reporting of household members
  2. aAnimals specified in each column
  3. bOdds ratio to perform recommended good hygiene practices, adjusted by all variables listed