Cohabitation with farm animals in urban households with and without occupational farm work: associations between participation in educational activities and good hygiene practices in at-risk households cohabiting with farm animals

Table 3 Percentage of households performing recommended good hygiene practices by household characteristics

	N	% Households performing recommended good hygiene practices
Cohabiting with chicken(s), yes/no	742/490	51.2/64.9***
Cohabiting with duck(s), yes/no	503/729	50.1/61.2***
Cohabiting with cattle, yes/no	178/1,054	40.4/59.4***
Cohabiting with buffalo(es), yes/no	85/1,147	32.9/58.4***
Cohabiting with dog(s), yes/no	507/725	53.1/59.2*
Agricultural farm work as the main occupation, yes/no	355/877	36.1/65.0***
Farm land, some/none	759/473	49.7/67.9***
Education, male principal, high school or higher/other	408/824	66.4/51.8***
Education, female principal, high school or higher/other	186/1,046	71.0/54.1***
Household income, high (≥1 million kip/month)/low (<1 million kip/month)	139/1,081	61.9/55.9^ns
Participation in hygiene-related educational activities, at least three times in the previous year, yes/no	830/402	59.4/51.0**
Sources from which household members seek hygiene-related information
Television, yes/no	763/469	59.8/51.6**
Radio, yes/no	226/1,006	71.7/53.3***
Newspaper, yes/no	96/1,136	80.2/54.7***
Health-related posters, yes/no	106/1,126	48.1/57.5^ns

Recommended good hygiene practices were defined as satisfying five or more of the following six criteria: (1) access to piped water; (2) a clean, organised yard with separation from farm animals; (3) well-maintained drainage; (4) tidiness inside the house with separation of materials designated for inside and outside use; (5) family’s practice of boiling water before drinking and (6) family’s practice of washing hands before eating. Criteria (1)–(4) were evaluated by inspection, and (5) and (6) were evaluated by self-reporting of household members
1 million kip equivalent to ~100 USD
ns not significant
* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001

ISSN: 1347-4715