Attitudes toward taking medication among outpatients with schizophrenia: cross-national comparison between Tokyo and Beijing

Table 3 Comparison of attitudes toward medication among subjects in Tokyo (N = 76) and Beijing (N = 76)

	Tokyo	Beijing	Test statistics
DAI-30^a	12.7 ± 10.6	12.7 ± 8.5	Z = 0.22
Total endorsement in DAI-30^b	12.1 ± 3.0	17.2 ± 3.3	Z = 8.04***
I take too much medicine^c	2.3 ± 0.9	2.1 ± 0.9	Z = 0.97
Physicians rely too much on medication^c	2.3 ± 0.9	2.7 ± 1.1	Z = 2.56*
The cost of medication is a substantial burden^c	2.3 ± 1.1	3.4 ± 0.9	Z = 5.82***
Side effects^d	2.3 ± 0.9	2.3 ± 0.8	Z = 0.03

DAI-30 drug attitude inventory-30
^aScores range from −30 to 30
^bTotal number of “agree” responses for DAI-30 (15 positive and 15 negative items)
^c1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree)
^dPatients’ subjective evaluation using a 4-point Likert scale from 1(not bothered at all) to 4 (bothered very much)
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001

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