Suicidal risk factors and completed suicide: meta-analyses based on psychological autopsy studies

Yoshimasu, Kouichi; Kiyohara, Chikako; Miyashita, Kazuhisa

doi:10.1007/s12199-008-0037-x

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine

Table 3 Marital status and suicide risk

From: Suicidal risk factors and completed suicide: meta-analyses based on psychological autopsy studies

Author, published year (reference no.)	Country	No. of cases/controls	Age class, proportion of male (%)	Source of controls	Marital status	OR (95% CI)^a
Lesage et al. 1994 [16]^c	Canada	75/75	Young, 100	Community	Never married, divorced, widowed, or separated	1.00 (0.39–2.55)
Vijayakumar et al. 1999 [19]	India	100/100	All, 55	Community	Never married, divorced, widowed, or separated	1.63 (0.87–3.07)
Appleby et al. 1999 [20]	UK	84/64	Young, 81	GP lists	Not married or cohabiting	3.86 (1.80–8.31)
Cheng et al. 2000 [38]	Taiwan	113/226	All, 62	Community	Unmarried	1.90 (1.17–3.09)
Hawton et al. 2002 [34]^d	UK	42/84	All, 0	Female nurses	Unmarried	3.76 (1.57–9.36)
Phillips et al. 2002 [35]	China	519/536	All, 63	Community(deceased)	Never married, divorced, widowed, or separated	1.07 (0.82–1.39)
Owens et al. 2003 [24]	UK	100/100	All, 67	GP lists	Never married, divorced, widowed, or separated	5.19 (2.73–9.93)
Gururaj et al. 2004 [26]	India	269/269	All, 64	Community	Separated, divorced, or widowed	2.72 (0.64–16.05)
Duberstein et al. 2004 [39]	US	86/86	Old, 73	Community	Unmarried	3.92 (1.98–7.80)
Zhang et al. 2004 [25]	China	66/66	All, 73	Community	Unmarried	2.18 (0.93–5.25)
Chiu et al. 2004 [36]	Hong Kong	70/100	Old, 44	Community	Never married, divorced, widowed, or separated	0.72 (0.37–1.39)
Pllevile et al. 2005 [27]	Canada	95/95	Old, 75	Community (deceased)	Never married, divorced, widowed, or separated	4.21 (2.00–9.14)
Kõlves et al. 2006 [40]	Germany	163/163	All, 64	Community	Not married or cohabiting	2.96 (1.84–4.76)
Kõlves et al. 2006 [29]	Estonia	427/427	All, 80	GP lists (Community)	Not married or Cohabiting	2.29 (1.72–3.04)
Zonda et al. 2006 [31]	Hungary	100/100	All, 67	Community (deceased)	Never married, divorced, widowed, or separated	0.76 (0.41–1.43)

Summary^b	No. of populations
Total (both genders)	13	2,192/2,332				2.11 (1.50–2.98) *P < 0.001
Old	3	251/281				2.26 (0.71–7.24) *P < 0.001

GP general practitioner
*P for heterogeneity (Cochran Q test)
^aCrude odds ratio and 95% confidence interval
^bBased on random effects model
^cMen only
^dWomen only

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