Skip to main content

Table 1 Substance (alcohol)-related disorders and suicide risk

From: Suicidal risk factors and completed suicide: meta-analyses based on psychological autopsy studies

Author, published year (reference no.)

Country

No. of cases/controls

Age class, proportion of male (%)

Source of controls

Diagnosis

OR (95% CI)a

Diagnostic criteria

Lesage et al. 1994 [16]c

Canada

75/75

Young, 100

Community

Alcohol abuse and dependence

4.03 (1.51–11.94)

DSM-III-R

Gould et al. 1996 [17]

US

120/147

Young, 79

Community

Substance disorder

4.70 (1.73–14.74)

DSM-III

Brent et al. 1999 [18]

US

140/131

Young, 77

Community

Substance abuse

12.73 (4.79–42.28)

DSM-III

Vijayakumar et al. 1999 [19]

India

100/100

All, 55

Community

Alcoholism and substance abuse

6.47 (2.70–17.05)

DSM-III-R

Appleby et al. 1999 [20]

UK

84/64

Young, 81

GP lists

Any alcohol or drug misuse

10.34 (4.01–29.60)

ICD-10

Foster et al. 1999 [21]

Ireland

117/117

All, 79

GP lists (deceased)

Psychoactive substance use disorder

5.25 (1.73–14.74)

DSM-III-R

Houston et al. 2001 [22]c

UK

22/22

Young, 100

Hospital (DSH)

Drug/alcohol-related disorder

0.14 (0.14–0.89)

ICD-10

Wærn et al. 2002 [23]

Sweden

85/153

Old, 55

Community

Substance use disorder

56.39 (8.64–2337)

DSM-IV

Owens et al. 2003 [24]

UK

100/100

All, 67

GP lists

Alcohol or substance abuse

33.00 (5.10–1368)

ICD-10

Zhang et al. 2004 [25]

China

66/66

All, 73

Community

Alcohol abuse

2.77 (0.74–12.69)

DSM-III-R

Gururaj et al. 2004 [26]

India

269/269

All, 64

Community

History of alcohol consumption

5.48 (3.30–9.33)

Original interview

Pllevile et al. 2005 [27]

Canada

95/95

Old, 75

Community (deceased)

Alcohol use disorder

1.88 (0.54–7.43)

DSM-IV

Schneider et al. 2005 [28]

Germany

163/396

All, 58

Community

Substance-related disorders

3.43 (2.23–5.26)

DSM-IV

Kõlves et al. 2006 [29]

Estonia

411/411

All, 81

GP lists

Alcohol abuse and dependence

5.70 (4.14–7.85)

DSM-IV

Chen et al. 2006 [30]

Hong Kong

150/150

All, 64

Community

Substance abuse

17.79 (2.68–750)

DSM-IV

Zonda et al. 2006 [31]

Hungary

100/100

All, 67

Community (deceased)

Alcohol and substance dependence/abuse

0.73 (0.40–1.31)

DSM-IV

Summaryb

No. of populations

Total (both genders)

14

2,000/2,152

 

 

 

5.24 (3.30–8.31)

*P < 0.001

 

Men

6

750/839

 

 

 

3.87 (1.85–8.13)

*P < 0.001

 

Women

3

157/292

 

 

 

8.34 (2.18–31.82)

*P = 0.119

 

Young

3

344/342

 

 

 

8.55 (4.76–15.37)

*P = 0.306

 

  1. GP general practitioner, DSH deliberate self-harm
  2. *P for heterogeneity (Cochran Q test)
  3. aCrude odds ratio and 95% confidence interval
  4. bBased on random effects model
  5. cMen only