Table 4 Source and handling practices used to prepare ready-to-drink water in containers by boat households; associations of socioeconomic characteristics and disease-prevention proficiency
From: Bacterial quality of drinking water stored in containers by boat households in Hue City, Vietnam
n | Source of water in containers (%) | Water-handling practices (%) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tap | River | Others | Boiling | Hours after boiling (h) | Size of containers (l) | Materials of containers | |||||||
Boiled | Not boiled | <1 | 1–12 | >12 | ≤10 | >10 | Metal | Plastic | |||||
Socioeconomic characteristics | |||||||||||||
Monthly income per capita | |||||||||||||
Non-poor | 507 | 91.1 | 6.7 | 2.2 | 69.2 | 30.8* | 8.3 | 72.1 | 19.6* | 22.5 | 77.5 | 10.3 | 89.7 |
Poor | 232 | 92.2 | 5.6 | 2.2 | 60.3 | 39.7 | 6.6 | 55.5 | 38.0 | 26.6 | 73.4 | 5.8 | 94.2 |
Literacy level of head of household | |||||||||||||
Literate | 339 | 92.0 | 5.0 | 9.9 | 67.8 | 32.9* | 8.3 | 63.9 | 22.8* | 23.9 | 76.1 | 9.3 | 90.7 |
Illiterate | 376 | 91.5 | 6.9 | 1.6 | 59.2 | 40.8 | 7.7 | 62.9 | 29.4 | 24.2 | 75.8 | 8.5 | 91.5 |
Occupation of household | |||||||||||||
Not require boat | 172 | 96.5 | 1.2 | 2.3** | 66.3 | 33.7 | 6.7 | 69.2 | 24.0 | 21.4 | 78.6 | 7.2 | 92.8 |
Require boat | 442 | 90.0 | 7.7 | 2.3 | 59.0 | 41.7 | 10.0 | 65.2 | 24.8 | 23.0 | 77.0 | 9.6 | 90.4 |
Number of family members on boat | |||||||||||||
1–4 | 292 | 94.6 | 3.7 | 1.7* | 70.9 | 29.1* | 7.5 | 67.4 | 25.1* | 26.6 | 73.4 | 9.5 | 90.5 |
>4 | 445 | 89.4 | 8.1 | 2.5 | 57.8 | 42.2 | 8.2 | 65.9 | 26.1 | 22.0 | 78.0 | 8.4 | 90.6 |
Disease-prevention proficiency | |||||||||||||
Functional | 149 | 96.6 | 2.0 | 1.3** | 79.7 | 20.3** | 9.2 | 73.4 | 17.4** | 24.5 | 75.5 | 10.3 | 89.7 |
Minimally functional | 343 | 90.7 | 5.8 | 3.5 | 66.5 | 33.5 | 8.0 | 69.3 | 22.6 | 21.2 | 78.8 | 8.5 | 91.5 |
Non-functional | 246 | 89.4 | 9.8 | 0.8 | 48.4 | 51.6 | 5.4 | 56.1 | 38.5 | 27.2 | 72.8 | 8.5 | 91.5 |