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Table 1 Characteristics of the subjects in the study

From: Development of an assessment sheet for fall prediction in stroke inpatients in convalescent rehabilitation wards in Japan

Characteristics

Total

Non-faller

Faller

P

 

n (%)

704 (100.0)

434 (100.0)

270 (100.0)

  

Sex; n: M/F

406/298

247/187

159/111

NS

*

Age; years: mean ± SD

69.7 ± 12.1

68.6 ± 12.7

71.4 ± 10.9

0.002

**

History of previous falls; n (%)

85 (12.1)

39 (9.0)

46 (17.0)

<0.001

 

Diagnoses; n (%)

 Cerebral infarction (I)

403 (57.2)

254 (58.5)

149 (55.2)

NS

*

 Cerebral hemorrhage (H)a

241 (34.2)

144 (33.2)

97 (35.9)

  I + H

60 (8.5)

36 (8.3)

24 (8.9)

Side of hemiparesis [central paralysis]; n (%)

 Neither

76 (10.8)

63 (14.5)

13 (4.8)

<0.001

*

 Right

250 (35.5)

154 (35.5)

96 (35.6)

 Left

334 (47.4)

194 (44.7)

140 (51.9)

 Both

44 (6.3)

23 (5.3)

21(7.8)

Clinical signs; n (%)

 Consciousness disturbance

124 (17.6)

64 (14.7)

60 (22.2)

0.008

*

 Delirium

17 (2.4)

6 (2.2)

11 (4.1)

0.024

*

 Depression

65 (9.2)

35 (8.1)

30 (11.1)

NS

*

 Visual impairmentb

145 (20.6)

74 (17.1)

71 (26.3)

0.002

*

 Sensory disturbancec

431 (61.2)

244 (56.2)

187 (69.3)

<0.001

*

 Ataxia

116 (16.5)

72 (16.6)

44 (16.3)

NS

*

 Apraxia

68 (9.7)

33 (7.6)

35 (13.0)

0.014

*

 Aphasia

106 (15.1)

63 (14.5)

43 (15.9)

NS

*

 Unilateral spatial neglect

166 (23.6)

82 (18.9)

84 (31.1)

<0.001

*

 Attention disturbance

322 (45.7)

167 (38.5)

155 (57.4)

<0.001

*

 Urinary incontinence

282 (40.1)

135 (31.1)

147 (54.4)

<0.001

*

 Fecal incontinence

173 (24.6)

87 (20.0)

86 (31.9)

<0.001

*

 Paind

182 (25.9)

99 (22.8)

83 (30.7)

0.013

*

Use of psychotropic medicinese; n (%)

225 (32.0)

122 (28.1)

103 (38.1)

0.004

*

Use of antihypertensivesf; n (%)

305 (43.3)

180 (41.5)

125 (46.3)

NS

*

Mode of locomotion; n (%)

 Walk independently

100 (14.2)

89 (20.5)

11 (4.1)

<0.001

*

 Walk with cane

48 (6.8)

40 (9.2)

8 (3.0)

 Walk with walker

52 (7.4)

36 (8.3)

16 (5.9)

 In wheelchair

490 (69.6)

258 (59.4)

232 (85.9)

 On stretcher

14 (2.0)

11 (2.5)

3 (1.1)

Median HDS-R (1st, 3rd quartiles): 0–30

22 (14, 27)

23 (16, 28)

20 (12, 25)

<0.001

***

Onset to admission; day: mean ± SD

40.4 ± 24.9

38.7 ± 24.9

43.2 ± 24.7

0.020

**

Hospitalization; day: mean ± SD

90.8 ± 48.8

79.0 ± 46.6

114.2 ± 44.5

<0.001

**

  1. * χ2-test
  2. ** Non-faller versus faller: t test
  3. *** Non-faller versus faller: Mann–Whitney U test
  4. aInvolving subarachnoid hemorrhage
  5. bVisual impairment included reduced visual acuity and visual field loss
  6. cSensory disturbance included anesthesia, hypesthesia, hyperesthesia, paresthesia and dysesthesia
  7. dPain defined as an unpleasant feeling caused by an actual and underlying damage of the organization
  8. ePsychotropic medicines included antipsychotics, antidepressants, antianxiety drugs, hypnotics and antiepileptics
  9. fAntihypertensives included Ca antagonists, β-blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers and diuretics
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Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine

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