Association of glycemic profiles with whole blood polyamine among middle-aged Japanese men: colorimetric assay using oat and barley seedling polyamine oxidase

Table 3 Multivariate-adjusted mean of fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and fructosamine levels according to quartiled Spm + Spd and Spm concentrations^a

Basic characteristics of study cohort	Quartile of Spd + Spm concentration				P for effect^b	P for trend^c
Basic characteristics of study cohort	Q1 (n = 155)	Q2 (n = 156)	Q3 (n = 156)	Q4 (n = 155)	P for effect^b	P for trend^c
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)
Model 1^d	5.67	5.56	5.89	5.94	0.019	0.010
Model 2^e	5.96	5.84	6.18	6.25	0.013	0.007
Fasting plasma insulin (μU/ml)
Model 1	5.60	5.95	5.98	6.21	0.685	0.246
Model 2	5.88	6.11	6.15	6.40	0.784	0.320
HOMA–IR
Model 1	1.41	1.47	1.60	1.62	0.282	0.057
Model 2	1.52	1.55	1.68	1.72	0.329	0.073
Fructosamine (μmol/l)
Model 1	251	256	256	260	0.213	0.045
Model 2	261	264	264	268	0.315	0.081

	Quartile of Spm concentration				P for effect^b	P for trend^c
	Q1 (n = 155)	Q2 (n = 156)	Q3 (n = 156)	Q4 (n = 155)	P for effect^b	P for trend^c
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)
Model 1^d	5.64	5.76	5.82	5.84	0.493	0.141
Model 2^e	5.92	6.02	6.14	6.12	0.380	0.102
Fasting plasma insulin (μU/ml)
Model 1	5.79	5.62	6.31	6.07	0.513	0.304
Model 2	5.95	5.80	6.57	6.24	0.443	0.308
HOMA-IR
Model 1	1.45	1.46	1.61	1.59	0.453	0.158
Model 2	1.53	1.54	1.72	1.67	0.338	0.137
Fructosamine (μmol/l)
Model 1	258	253	257	256	0.647	0.952
Model 2	267	261	266	264	0.428	0.815

HOMA-IR, Homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance; Spd, spermidine; Spm, spermine
^aQuartiled Spm + Spd and Spm concentrations represented by polyamine-to-hemoglobin ratio
^bP value by analysis of covariance
^cTest for trend was performed using linear contrast on the assumption of equally-spaced quartiles from low to high
^dAdjusted for age and BMI in Model 1
^eAdjusted for age, BMI, smoking status, drinking habit, leisure-time physical activity, and present history of chronic disease in Model 2

ISSN: 1347-4715