Independent variable | Boys | Girls | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
UOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | UOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
Demographic/biological | ||||
 Age in years | ||||
  14–15 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
  16–17 | 1.47 (0.85–2.53) | 1.60 (0.87–2.91) | 0.45 (0.28–0.71)*** | 0.46 (0.27–0.77)** |
  18–19 | 0.91 (0.50–1.65) | 1.10 (0.55–2.18) | 0.42 (0.24–0.74)** | 0.38 (0.20–0.72)** |
 Education level of parents | ||||
  Illiterate mother (reference = educated) | 0.55 (0.35–0.87)** | 0.72 (0.43–1.20) | 0.65 (0.42–1.00) | 0.93 (0.55–1.58) |
  Illiterate father (reference = educated) | 0.58 (0.30–1.13) | 0.74 (0.35–1.55) | 0.61 (0.32–1.17) | 0.70 (0.31–1.57) |
 Perceived family income | ||||
  Lower | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  |
  Average | 2.33 (0.90–6.02) | 2.03 (0.73–5.65) | 0.82 (0.33–2.04) |  |
  Higher | 2.36 (1.09–5.09)* | 1.82 (0.79–4.18) | 1.11 (0.51–2.42) |  |
 Being hunger (sometimes/mostly/always) | 0.58 (0.33–1.03) | 0.57 (0.30–1.10) | 0.88 (0.48–1.62) |  |
Psychological | ||||
 Loneliness (mostly/always) | 0.80 (0.45–1.45) |  | 1.79 (1.16–2.77)** | 1.42 (0.84–2.40) |
 Anxiety (mostly/always) | 0.98 (0.57–1.70) |  | 1.56 (0.98–2.49) | 1.11 (0.64–1.93) |
 Suicidal ideation (reference = no) | 1.92 (1.05–3.54)* | 1.98 (0.96–4.06) | 2.05 (1.22–3.43)** | 1.22 (0.66–2.26) |
 No close friends (reference = 1 friend or more) | 0.94 (0.43–2.06) |  | 0.53 (0.25–1.12) | 0.45 (0.20–1.03) |
Behavioral | ||||
 Skipping breakfast (reference = sometimes/mostly/always) | 1.15 (0.63–2.10) |  | 1.80 (1.15–2.81)** | 1.45 (0.88–2.40) |
 Inadequate of fruit consumption (<2 servings) | 0.85 (0.55–1.32) |  | 0.62 (0.40–0.93)* | 0.79 (0.49–1.27) |
 Inadequate of vegetable consumption (<3 servings) | 0.56 (0.36–0.88)* | 0.56 (0.35–0.90)* | 0.67 (0.44–1.03) | 0.66 (0.41–1.07) |
 Not walking or biking to school (less than 5 days) | 1.27 (0.79–2.05) |  | 0.60 (0.38–0.95)* | 0.70 (0.42–1.16) |
 No attendance of physical education (2 or more times) | 1.41 (0.77–2.58) |  | 0.86 (0.49–1.52) |  |
 Physical fight (1 or more times) | 1.64 (1.06–2.56) | 1.49 (0.91–2.43) | 2.40 (1.47–3.92)*** | 1.41 (0.79–2.51) |
 Tobacco use (1 or more times) | 1.42 (0.89–2.26) | 1.02 (0.60–1.74) | 2.14 (0.73–6.28) | 1.66 (0.47–5.87) |
 Alcohol/illicit drug use (reference = 0 time) | 1.38 (0.82–2.34) |  | 2.24 (0.70-7.18) |  |
 Absenteeism (reference = 0 day) | 1.93 (1.23–3.03)** | 1.67 (1.02–2.73)* | 2.56 (1.68–3.90)*** | 2.20 (1.35–3.60)** |
Social | ||||
 Lack of peer support in school (reference = mostly/always) | 0.69 (0.44–1.08) | 0.71 (0.44–1.17) | 0.76 (0.50–1.15) | 0.80 (0.50–1.29) |
 Lack of parental/guardian supervision (reference = mostly or always) | 0.82 (0.52–1.29) |  | 0.73 (0.49–1.10) | 0.75 (0.47–1.19) |
 Lack of parental/guardian connectivity (reference = mostly/always) | 1.21 (0.71–2.07) |  | 1.31 (0.83–2.06) |  |
 Lack of parental/guardian bonding (reference = mostly/always) | 0.96 (0.59–1.56) |  | 0.78 (0.52–1.17) |  |
 Bullied (1 day or more) | 0.87 (0.37–2.06) |  | 1.89 (1.25–2.85)** | 1.50 (0.94–2.40) |