Table 1 Studies of the Dutch hunger winter families
From: Developmental origins of obesity and type 2 diabetes: molecular aspects and role of chemicals
Subjects | Major findings | References |
|---|---|---|
Obesity and type 2 diabetes | ||
 Age 19 years | Obesity | Ravelli et al. [6] |
 Age 50 years | 2-h glucose levels were elevated after a glucose load | Ravelli et al. [28] |
Increase in body mass index and waist circumference in women | Ravelli et al. [26] | |
 Age 58 years | 2-h glucose levels were elevated after a glucose load | de Rooij SR et al. [127] |
Impaired insulin secretion after a glucose load | de Rooij SR et al. [128] | |
Glucose intolerance was differed by PPAR-gamma 2 genotype | de Rooij SR et al. [129] | |
Increased weight and fat deposition in women | Stein et al. [130] | |
No association between prenatal famine and metabolic syndrome | de Rooij et al. [131] | |
Lipid profiles | ||
 Age 50 years | Increased ratio of low-density to high-density lipoproteins | Roseboom et al. [132] |
 Age 59 years | Increased total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in women | Lumey et al. [133] |
Blood pressure | ||
 Age 50 years | No differences were found in systolic or diastolic pressure | Roseboom et al. [134] |
No association with adult blood pressure | Roseboom et al. [135] | |
 Age 59 years | Moderate increase in systolic but not diastolic blood pressure | Stein et al. [136] |
Greater blood pressure increase during stress | Painter et al. [137] | |
Atherosclerosis and mortality | ||
 Age 50 years | Increased prevalence of coronary heart disease in those exposed to the famine in early gestation | Roseboom et al. [138] |
Higher incidence of coronary artery disease | Painter et al. [139] | |
 Age 57 years | No effect on adult mortality | Painter et al. [140] |
Reduced carotid artery intima media thickness | Painter et al. [141] | |
 Age between 18 and 64 years | Higher overall adult mortality risk in women | van Abeelen et al. [142] |
Miscellaneous | ||
 Age 24–48 years | Increased risk for schizophrenia | Susser et al. [143] |
 Age 50 years | Decreased factor VII concentrations | Roseboom et al. [144] |
Increased prevalence of obstructive airways disease | Lopuhaa et al. [145] | |
 Age 58 years | No difference in cortisol concentrations after dexamethasone suppression test | de Rooij et al. [146] |